Table 1.
The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in the non-recurrence group and recurrence group for L5–S1 disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD).
| Non-recurrence group n=438 | Recurrence group n=46 | |
|---|---|---|
| General data | ||
| Age (years) | 47.744±9.793 | 52.978±6.962* |
| Gender | ||
| Male/Female | 229/209 | 25/21 |
| Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) | 23.585±3.120 | 25.576±2.987* |
| Symptom duration (months) | 5.452±1.761 | 5.348±1.958 |
| Follow-up (months) | 1.858±0.675 | 1.739±0.648 |
| Current smoking | ||
| Yes/No | 383/55 | 38/8 |
| Alcohol | ||
| Yes/No | 282/156 | 32/14 |
| Hypertension | ||
| Yes/No | 413/35 | 41/5 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||
| Yes/No | 410/28 | 42/4 |
| Trauma history | ||
| Yes/No | 357/81 | 35/11 |
| Surgical procedure | ||
| Foraminoplasty | 156 | 15 |
| Annulotomy | 101 | 8 |
| Foraminoplasty and annulotomy | 181 | 23 |
| Time to return to work (months) | 4.171±1.166 | 4.130±1.067 |
| Imaging data | ||
| Location of disc herniation | ||
| Foraminal | 101 | 6 |
| Paramedian | 237 | 27 |
| Central | 100 | 13 |
| Intervertebral foramen (grading) | ||
| 0/1/2/3 | 192/187/55/4 | 20/20/4/2 |
| Disc degeneration | ||
| I/II/III/IV | 118/182/120/18 | 4/21/16/5* |
| Ilium wing height (cm) | 3.544±0.605 | 3.647±0.531 |
| Transverse process length (cm) | 2.428±0.576 | 2.518±0.475 |
| Intervertebral space height (cm) | 1.156±0.433 | 1.062±0.452 |
| Sagittal range of motion (°) | 8.066±3.011 | 11.096±2.356* |
| Lumbar lordosis angle (°) | 39.304±12.889 | 43.389±10.981* |
| Pelvic incidence angle (°) | 46.671±10.963 | 47.440±11.325 |
| Sacral slope (°) | 29.083±7.320 | 34.087±7.187* |
*
P<0.05.