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. 2020 Mar 25;20(4):429–452. doi: 10.1089/ast.2019.2045

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© Bruce Damer and David Deamer, 2020; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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FIG. 9. — Alternative scenarios for an origin of life and adaptive pathways from freshwater hydrothermal field pools or saltwater hydrothermal vents to eukaryotes and land plants.