Figure 3.

Posterior distributions of the estimates of the selection gradients for nestling mass. (a) Genetic and non-genetic gradients: red diagonal hashed lines indicate the additive genetic gradient β_A, green diagonal lines indicate the environmental (non-genetic) gradient β_E and blue horizontal lines indicate the phenotypic gradient β_P. (b) Tests of equivalence of gradients. Purple horizontal lines indicate the difference $({\beta }_{\mathrm{P}}-{\beta }_{\mathrm{A}})$ between the phenotypic and genetic gradients, and brown diagonal lines indicate the difference $({\beta }_{\mathrm{E}}-{\beta }_{\mathrm{A}})$ between environmental and genetic gradients. (Online version in colour.)