Table 1:
Characteristics of Fontan patients and controls within our EACH database that had biomarker profiles assessed. (* Diuretic-Torsemide/Lasix, ** Antiarrhythmic: Sotalol, Dronedarone, Propafenone, Amiodarone, *** Arterial vasodilators: Tadalafil, Sildenafil)
| Characteristics | Fontan Patients | |
|---|---|---|
| N=44 | % | |
| Female | 30 | 68.2% |
| Mean Age (yr) | 29.2 ± 10.7 | - |
| Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 4.1 | - |
| Mean Fontan Years | 23.8 ± 5.1 | - |
| Age at Fontan (yr) | 7.5 ± 6.3 | - |
| Mean Oxygen Saturation | 90.1 ± 4.9 | - |
| Race | ||
| White | 35 | 79.5% |
| Black/African American | 8 | 18.2% |
| Asian | 1 | 2.3% |
| Medications* | ||
| Aspirin | 23 | 52.3% |
| Anti-platelet therapy (not aspirin) | 1 | 2.3% |
| Warfarin | 21 | 47.7% |
| DOAC | 2 | 4.6% |
| Beta-blockers | 20 | 45.5% |
| ACE/ARB | 20 | 45.5% |
| Diuretic** | 17 | 38.6% |
| Aldactone antagonist | 12 | 27.3% |
| Antiarrhythmics*** | 8 | 18.2% |
| Pulmonary Vasodilators**** | 6 | 13.6% |
| History of Arrythmias | ||
| Supraventricular tachycardia | 16 | 36.4% |
| Brady-arrhythmias including heart block | 12 | 27.3% |
| Ventricular arrhythmias | 2 | 4.6% |
| No history of arrhythmias | 16 | 36.4% |
| Devices | ||
| Pacemaker | 14 | 31.8% |
| ICD | 1 | 2.3% |
| History of Hospitalizations | ||
| Previous hospitalization(s) lasting >48 hrs | 9 | 20.5% |
| Anatomic Diagnosis | ||
| Double Outlet Right Ventricle | 7 | 15.9% |
| Double Inlet Left Ventricle | 10 | 22.7% |
| Hypoplastic Left Heart | 6 | 13.6% |
| Pulmonary Atresia Intact Ventricular Septum | 2 | 4.5% |
| Tricuspid Atresia | 12 | 27.3% |
| Other | 3 | 6.8% |
| Heterotaxy | ||
| Unbalanced AV Canal | 2 | 4.6% |
| Double Outlet Right Ventricle | 1 | 2.3% |
| Other | 1 | 2.3% |
| Systemic Ventricle | ||
| Right | 16 | 36.4% |
| Left | 28 | 63.6% |
| Fontan Type | ||
| Atrio-pulmonary | 17 | 38.6% |
| Lateral Tunnel# | 21 | 47.7% |
| Extra-cardiac## | 6 | 13.6% |
| Fontan Revisions | ||
| Fontan Revisions | 6 | 13.6% |
| APC to LT | 1 | 2.3% |
| APC to EC | 5 | 11.4% |
| NYHA Class | ||
| I | 10 | 22.7% |
| II | 27 | 61.4% |
| III | 7 | 15.9% |
| IV | 0 | 0% |
(Abbreviations used: DOAC: Direct oral Anticoagulant, ACE=Angiotensin converting enzyme, ARB= Angiotensin receptor blocker, ICD= Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Listed medications are not mutually exclusive; patient can be on multiple medications
Diuretics include Furosemide, Torsemide and Bumetanide
Antiarrhythmic include Sotalol, Dronedarone, Propafenone, Amiodarone,
Pulmonary vasodilators include Tadalafil and Sildenafil
5 Lateral tunnel Fontans had fenestrations
4 Extra-cardiac Fontans had fenestrations