Table 2.
Results of probit model for the determinants of Internet usage in Nigeria
| Der var: Prob (internet) | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| towers | 0.0205*** | 0.0194*** | 0.0193*** | 0.0197*** | 0.0191*** | 0.0171*** | 0.0168*** | 0.0171*** | 0.0149*** | 0.0146*** | 0.0121*** |
| [0.0015] | [0.0014] | [0.0014] | [0.0014] | [0.0014] | [0.0015] | [0.0015] | [0.0014] | [0.0018] | [0.0017] | [0.0018] | |
| expenditure | 0.0108*** | 0.0117*** | 0.0116*** | 0.0116*** | 0.0102*** | 0.0096*** | 0.0097*** | 0.0098*** | 0.0095*** | 0.0074*** | |
| [0.0010] | [0.0010] | [0.0011] | [0.0010] | [0.0010] | [0.0010] | [0.0010] | [0.0010] | [0.0010] | [0.0010] | ||
| tariffs | −0.0003*** | −0.0004*** | −0.0004*** | −0.0003*** | −0.0003*** | −0.0003*** | −0.0003*** | −0.0003*** | −0.0002*** | ||
| [0.0001] | [0.0001] | [0.0001] | [00001] | [0.0001] | [0.0001] | [0.0001] | [0.0001] | [0.0001] | |||
| age | −0.1424*** | −0.1130*** | −0.1005*** | −0.1030*** | −0.1111*** | −0.1114*** | −0.1108*** | −0.1147*** | |||
| [0.0066] | [0.0068] | [0.0070] | [0.0069] | [0.0071] | [0.0071] | [0.0042] | [0.0061] | ||||
| married | −0.0443*** | −0.0442*** | −0.0417*** | −0.0341*** | −0.0337*** | −0.0346*** | −0.0217*** | ||||
| [0.0052] | [0.0052] | [0.0051] | [0.0052] | [0.0052] | [0.0052] | [0.0046] | |||||
| education | 0.0473*** | 0.0454*** | 0.0405*** | 0.0398*** | 0.0384*** | 0.0323*** | |||||
| [0.0169] | [0.0164] | [0.0143] | [0.0139] | [0.0136] | [0.0107] | ||||||
| christian | 0.0172*** | 0.0255*** | 0.0261*** | 0.0246*** | 0.0179*** | ||||||
| [0.0065] | [0.0066] | [0.0066] | [0.0065] | [0.0050] | |||||||
| male | 0.0515*** | 0.0518*** | 0.0495*** | 0.0463*** | |||||||
| [0.0047] | [0.0047] | [0.0047] | [0.0036] | ||||||||
| urban | 0.0199** | 0.0195** | 0.0268*** | ||||||||
| [0.0087] | [0.0087] | [0.0078] | |||||||||
| unemployed | −0.0475*** | −0.0416*** | |||||||||
| [0.0091] | [0.0070] | ||||||||||
| constant | −1.7096*** | −2.2363*** | −2.2851*** | 0.5212*** | 0.0935 | −0.6895** | −0.6581** | −0.6434** | −0.6363** | −0.5643 | −0.2237 |
| [0.0478] | [0.0648] | [0.0644] | [0.1380] | [0.1422] | [0.3018] | [0.2961] | [0.2671] | [0.2649] | [0.2623] | [0.2308] | |
| Pseudo R-squared | 0.0326 | 0.0512 | 0.0522 | 0.0889 | 0.0944 | 0.1127 | 0.1135 | 0.1222 | 0.1232 | 0.1251 | – |
| Regional effects | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| Number of localities | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 |
| Number of observations | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 | 21844 |
Notes: This table reports the marginal effect values from linear probability (random effects) models for predicting the effects of wireless network infrastructure on internet adoption. Standard errors clustered at the locality-level are in parentheses. ∗∗∗, ∗∗, and ∗ denote significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively.