Table 1.

Recommendation for blockchain implementation and -adoption in procurement processes.

Problem category	Findings	Recommendation
Existing procurement system	Corruption resulting from manual processes, because existing systems involved in public procurement are not interoperable	Blockchain integration into existing systems
Stakeholder involvement and roles	Lack of a clear channel of communication and an effective system that can track the process	Blockchain-supported user engagement and collaboration
Criteria for assessing effectiveness	Lack of transparency and openness of procurement processes, affordability, feedback mechanisms, knowledge of the system	Blockchain-based project auditing and monitoring