| Cell walls containing waxy material |
| Thick protective resistant stage (e.g. cyst, oocyst, spore) |
| Viruses with double-stranded DNA |
| Small genome |
| Low isoelectic point |
| Low hydrophobicity |
| Small size |
| Clumping factor (genetically controlled surface structures of the specific microbe) |
| Ability to associate with organic particulate matter |
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