Table 5.
Factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the univariate analysis
| Survivors (n = 820)a | Non-survivors (n = 65)a | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old age (≥65 years) | 160/820 (19.5) | 20/65 (30.8) | 1.83 (1.05–3.19) | 0.037 |
| Residence in nursing home | 23/820 (2.8) | 6/65 (9.2) | 3.52 (1.38–8.99) | 0.015 |
| Underlying diseases | ||||
| Bronchopulmonary disorder | 258/820 (31.5) | 20/65 (30.8) | 0.97 (0.56–1.67) | 0.908 |
| Cardiovascular disorder | 165/820 (20.1) | 25/65 (38.5) | 2.48 (1.46–4.21) | 0.001 |
| Malignancy | 92/820 (11.2) | 16/65 (24.6) | 2.58 (1.41–4.73) | 0.001 |
| Neurological disorder | 69/820 (8.4) | 9/65 (13.8) | 1.75 (0.83–3.69) | 0.137 |
| Liver disorder | 37/820 (4.5) | 5/65 (7.7) | 1.76 (0.67–4.65) | 0.22 |
| Renal disorder | 32/820 (3.9) | 6/65 (9.2) | 2.50 (1.01–6.23) | 0.053 |
| Co-morbid condition | ||||
| Neutropenia | 28/820 (3.4) | 4/65 (6.2) | 1.86 (0.63–5.46) | 0.286 |
| Corticosteroid use | 17/820 (2.1) | 1/65 (1.5) | 0.74 (0.10–5.64) | 1.000 |
| Immunosuppressant use | 23/820 (2.8) | 2/65 (3.1) | 1.10 (0.25–4.77) | 0.705 |
| Smoking | 215/820 (26.2) | 21/65 (32.3) | 1.34 (0.78–2.31) | 0.285 |
| Alcoholism | 53/820 (6.5) | 6/65 (9.2) | 1.47 (0.61–3.57) | 0.433 |
| Recent hospitalisation | 54/820 (6.6) | 13/65 (20.0) | 3.55 (1.82–6.91) | 0.001 |
| ICU admission | 35/819 (4.3) | 33/65 (50.8) | 23.10 (12.77–41.78) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 24/729 (3.3) | 36/57 (63.2) | 50.36 (25.65–98.87) | <0.001 |
| Symptoms and signs | ||||
| Dyspnoea | 419/698 (60.0) | 56/63 (88.9) | 5.33 (2.39–11.86) | <0.001 |
| Chest pain | 243/687 (35.4) | 21/57 (36.8) | 1.07 (0.61–1.87) | 0.824 |
| Altered mentality | 63/731 (8.6) | 23/65 (35.4) | 5.81 (3.28–10.27) | <0.001 |
| Temperature ≥40 °C or < 35 °C | 39/820 (4.8) | 4/65 (6.2) | 1.31 (0.45–3.80) | 0.549 |
| Respiratory rate > 30/min | 63/820 (7.7) | 25/65 (38.5) | 7.51 (4.28–13.17) | <0.001 |
| SBP < 90 mmHg | 22/820 (2.7) | 7/65 (10.8) | 4.38 (1.79–10.67) | 0.004 |
| Pulse rate > 125/min | 56/820 (6.8) | 9/65 (13.8) | 2.19 (1.03–4.66) | 0.047 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| WBC ≥ 10 000/mm3 | 531/814 (65.2) | 54/63 (85.7) | 3.19 (1.56–6.57) | 0.001 |
| BUN ≥ 30 mg/dL | 139/783 (17.8) | 24/59 (40.7) | 3.18 (1.83–5.51) | <0.001 |
| PaO2 < 60 mmHg or SaO2 < 90% | 93/764 (12.2) | 29/63 (46.0) | 6.15 (3.58–10.57) | <0.001 |
| Haematocrit < 30% | 81/812 (10.0) | 14/62 (22.6) | 2.63 (1.39–4.98) | 0.002 |
| Serum sodium < 130 mEq/L | 62/789 (7.9) | 16/62 (25.8) | 4.08 (2.18–7.62) | <0.001 |
| Glucose ≥ 250 mg/dL | 63/775 (8.1) | 12/61 (19.7) | 2.77 (1.40–5.47) | 0.002 |
| Arterial pH < 7.35 | 34/690 (4.9) | 18/59 (30.5) | 8.47 (4.41–16.27) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia severity index | ||||
| I | 200/817 (24.5) | 1/65 (1.5) | – | <0.001 |
| II | 249/817 (30.5) | 4/65 (6.2) | – | |
| III | 158/817 (19.3) | 9/65 (13.8) | – | |
| IV | 166/817 (20.3) | 24/65 (36.9) | – | |
| V | 44/817 (5.4) | 27/65 (41.5) | – | |
| Multilobar involvement | 256/755 (33.9) | 32/56 (57.1) | 2.60 (1.49–4.51) | <0.001 |
| Pleural effusion | 116/805 (14.4) | 15/62 (24.2) | 1.89 (1.03–3.50) | 0.038 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 100/820 (12.2) | 11/65 (16.9) | 1.47 (0.74–2.89) | 0.268 |
| Atypical pneumonia | 89/820 (10.9) | 4/65 (6.2) | 0.54 (0.19–1.52) | 0.234 |
| Combination therapy | 455/798 (57.0) | 41/65 (63.1) | 1.29 (0.76–2.17) | 0.342 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WBC, white blood cells; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation.
a
Exact numbers are given for each variable; information was not available for all patients.