. 2009 Dec 21;21(6):919–926. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.12.010

Table 1.

Critical factors for pasteurized milk and Valess (a vegetarian product prepared from algae and curdled milk). X = expert; G = group consensus workshop.

	Pasteurized milk 2006 compared to 2000										Valess compared to pasteurized milk in 2000
	Identified change^a					Related food safety risk^b					Identified change^a					Related food safety risk^b
	−2	−1	0	+1	+2	−2	−1	0	+1	+2	−2	−1	0	+1	+2	−2	−1	0	+1	+2
Endogenous factors
1. Number of chain participants			XG					XG						G	XG				XG
2. Number of processing steps			G	X G			XG							G	XG				XG
3. Number of raw materials			XG					XG							XG				XG
4. Number of suppliers of raw materials	G	G		X			G	G	X			G	G		X			G	X
5. Logistics (distribution of food over the chain)				XG			G		X						XG				XG	G
6. Destination of produce (niche, local, export)			G	X				XG					G	X				XG
7. Firm size				XG	G		GX	G						XG	G				XG	G
8. Information exchange				XG			XG							XG			XG
9. Contractual agreements (quality, safety)				XG			XG	G						XG			XG	G
10. Integration and cooperation				XG			XG	G						XG			XG	G

Producers’ behaviour:
11. Food safety awareness				XG			XG	G					XG				XG	G
12. Probability of detection				XG			XG						XG				XG
13. Severity of sanction				XG			XG						XG				XG

Technological innovation:
14. Product			XG	XG			XG	XG							XG		X		XG
15. Package			XG	G				XG						X	G			G	X
16. Transport (e.g. temperature)			XG	G			G	XG					XG	XG				XG	XG
17. Process				XG			XG								XG				XG	G
18. Genetically modified raw materials^c			XG					XG					XG					XG

Exogenous factors
19. Origin of raw materials, global sourcing			XG					XG					XG	XG				XG	XG	G
20. Legal requirements			G	XG	G		G	XG					G	XG	G		G	XG
21. Impact climate change			XG	G				XG	G				XG	G				XG	G
22. Economic status			G	X				G	X					XG	G			G	X

Consumer factors
23. Demand (quantity)		X	G					XG					G	X				XG
24. Assortment				XG				XG						XG				XG
Demand with respect to:
25. Environment			XG	G				XG					XG					XG
26. Animal welfare			X	G	G			XG					X	G	G			XG
27. Sensory-quality			XG					XG					XG					XG
28. Convenience			XG	XG				XG					X	G	G			XG
29. Health			XG	G				XG					G	XG				XG

Much less (−2), less (−1), no change (0), more (+1) much more (+2).

Substantially declined food safety risk (−2), declined risk (−1), no impact (0), increased risk (+1) substantially increased risk (+2).

Excluding animal feed.