Table 3.
Brazil | Russia | India | China | South Africa | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Financing protection schemes available | SUS funded by tax and social contributions, private health plans | MHI, tax funding, private voluntary schemes | RSBY and state-government sponsored schemes in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan | URBHI, NRCMS, UEBHI | Private voluntary schemes (>100 schemes covering <8 million people), tax funding |
Population coverage | SUS 100% (through taxes and social contributions); private health plans 25% in 2008, concentrated in the wealthiest regions | MHI 99%. Tax funding 100% for care not included in MHI benefit package and for care of the military and prisoners. Private voluntary schemes 8% | RSBY covers roughly 10% of Indians nationally, whereas the state-sponsored schemes cover considerably less | URBHI 92·9%, NRCMS 96·6%, UEBHI 92·4% | Voluntary schemes 17%, tax 83% (for inpatient and specialist care) |
Benefits offered or included | For SUS there is no package or exclusions; it covers all types and levels of care, but there is rationing, and an emphasis on primary-level care. For private health plans benefits vary across many companies and contracts that offer basic to comprehensive benefits that vary largely according to premiums | For state medical benefit the package is comprehensive with exclusion of drug provision for outpatient care, which is available for some population groups only; MHI benefit package is a part of state (above). For private voluntary schemes there is a complementary and replacement state medical benefit package | RSBY covers access to tertiary care | Except heart surgery and lung and liver transplantations, most medical costs are reimbursed | For private schemes there is a specified package including 25 chronic diseases and 270 diagnosis and treatment pairs for inpatient care; some other services decided by scheme. For tax-funded services package is relatively comprehensive (very few exclusions), but rationing |
BRICS=Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. SUS=Unified Health System. MHI=mandatory health insurance. RSBY=Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana. URBHI=Urban Resident Basic Health Insurance. NRCMS=New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme. UEBHI=Urban Employee Basic Health Insurance.