Smallpox |
All hospital employees as well as patients in hospital need to be vaccinated. |
Individuals for whom vaccination is contraindicated; VIG should be provided. |
Patients should be isolated in rooms with negative airflow and equipped with HEPA filtration. |
Standard precautions such as gloves, gowns, and masks should be observed. |
All laundry and waste shoud be placed in biohazard bags and autoclaved before being laundered or incinerated. |
Laboratory examination requires high-containment (BL-4) facilities. |
Mortuary workers need to be vaccinated, and cremation is recommended. |
Plague |
Respiratory droplet precautions (gown, gloves, and eye protection). |
Patient needs to be isolated during first 48 h of antibiotic treatment. |
Patients who require surgery that can generate particulate aerosols need to be cared for in negative pressure rooms, and operating room personnel should use HEPA filtered masks. |
Tularemia |
Standard precautions; no need for isolation. |
Patients who require surgery that can generate particulate aerosols need to be cared for in negative pressure rooms, and operating room personnel should use HEPA filtered masks. |
Anthrax |
Standard barrier precautions for all types of anthrax infections |
Hemorrhagic fever viruses |
Strict adherence to hand hygiene, double gloves, impermeable gowns, N-95 masks or powered air-purifying respirators |
Negative isolation room |
Leg and shoe coverings |
Face shields, goggles |
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Dedicated medical equipment |
Botulinism |
Standard precautions |