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R-loop formation mediates long-range reversible topological relaxation. The consequences of R-loop formation and resolution on the properties of the local chromatin environment are described. When R-loops are resolved, large stores of negative superhelicity are released into the chromatin fiber, driving increased chromatin contacts, increased non-B DNA structure formation (bubble DNA, cruciform, and Z DNA are depicted), and increased protein-DNA interactions. See text for details.
