TTP regulates necrosome activation in response to tonic TLR4 signaling.
A–J, WT and TTP (Zfp-36)−/− macrophages were stimulated with LPS (0.01 ng/ml) and zVAD-fmk (10 μm). D–J, in some experiments, cells were also co-treated with inhibitors against p38MAPK (LY2228820, 4 μm) (D–I) or MK2 (PF3644022, 5 μm) (J). Cell death was evaluated at 24 h by MTT assay (A, D, and J), by Zombie Yellow assay (B, C, E, and F), or by propidium iodide/Hoechst staining (G). Western blot analysis was performed on cell extracts collected at various time intervals (H and I). WT and TTP (Zfp-36)−/− macrophages were stimulated with LPS (0.01 ng/ml) and Emricasan (EMR) (500 nm) ± inhibitor against p38MAPK (LY2228820, 4 μm), and cell death was evaluated 24 h later by CCK8 assay (K). Representative data of one experiment of three similar experiments are shown. Graphs show the percentage of viable cells ± S.D. relative to controls. Each experiment was repeated three times. *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001; ****, p < 0.0001.