Fig. 2 –

Effect of immunosuppression reagents on T-cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Jurkat cells were incubated for 24 h with therapeutic and supratherapeutic levels of tacrolimus (FK506), rapamycin (Rapa), cyclosporine A (CsA), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). After 24-h incubation, cells were stained with MitoSOX Red and analyzed by flow cytometry for ROS production as assessed by increased MitoSOX fluorescence. (A) The percentage of cells with increased MitoSOX staining is shown for each drug and concentration in quadruplicate. The median and range are also indicated. (B) Representative flow cytometry after incubation with vehicle control, 30 μM MMF, and TNF-α control. Comparisons between treatment and vehicle control groups and between each treatment group were performed using a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. *P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction with a standard significant P value of 0.05. Significant P-values after correction are marked with an asterisk. TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha.