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. 2020 Apr 6;10:5986. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62663-y

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© The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Cytotoxicity effect of the extracted pigments on human normal and cancer cells. (A) EC₅₀ and EC₁₀₀ (µg/ml) of pigment extract and the currently used chemotherapy agent (5-FU) towards the human normal cell line (Wi-38) and (B) their IC₅₀ (µg/ml) values against four human cancer cell lines. (C) Selectivity index (SI) of pigments against cancer cells compared with that of 5-FU. (D) Variation in the morphology of normal and cancer cells after treatment with the extracted pigments and 5-FU (magnification ×200). All data are expressed as the mean ± SE with significance (unpaired t-test analysis) at p-value < 0.05*, <0.005**, <0.0005***.