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. 2020 Apr 6;10:5956. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62673-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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DWV titres and proportions of symptomatic and asymptomatic bees during serial transmission. Changing proportions of symptomatic (light green) and asymptomatic (dark green) adult bees for the entire serial transmission series, with the two waves of increasing and decreasing proportions of asymptomatic adults highlighted, plus corresponding DWV titres in both the serial 24-hour inocula and the adult propagation progeny. The original T0 inoculum is orange. The control bee column describes pooled data of individual mock-injected bees from all the transmission passages. The error bars show the standard error.