FIGURE 1.

Effects of various metal ions on the two-step cultivation of Zymomonas mobilis TISTR 548. Cells were cultivated in YPD medium at 38°C with different concentrations of NiCl₂ (A), ZnCl₂ (C), FeCl₃ (E), AlCl₃ (G), MnCl₂ (I), or CoCl₂ (K) and at 39°C with NiCl₂ (B), ZnCl₂ (D), FeCl₃ (F), AlCl₃ (H), MnCl₂ (J), or CoCl₂ (L) under a static condition. These symbols indicate the means of three replicates, and error bars indicate standard deviations: closed circle, control (0 mM); open circle, 0.01 mM; open diamond, 0.1 mM; and open square, 1.0 mM. Dotted and solid lines indicate the OD values of the first and second stages of cultivation, respectively.