TABLE 1.
Characteristics of cohorts included in EVs small RNA sequencing.
| Group | Individual | T1D age onset | Age at the examination | T1D duration | BMI | BMI | T1D antibodies | 0’ C-peptide | 6’ C-peptide | Delta C-peptide |
| [years] | [years] | [years] | [kg/m2] | Z-score | [nmol/L] | [nmol/L] | [nmol/L] | |||
| nT1D | nT1D_1 | 6−10 | 6−10 | 0 | 18.9 | 0.99 | GAD65, IA2, ZnT8 | 0.13 | 0.61 | 0.48 |
| nT1D_2 | 6−10 | 6−10 | 0 | 13.5 | −2.45 | ZnT8 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.04 | |
| nT1D_3 | 1−5 | 6−10 | 0 | 15.6 | −0.46 | GAD65, ZnT8 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
| nT1D_4 | 1−5 | 1−5 | 0 | 13.1 | −2.84 | GAD65, IA2, ZnT8 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.08 | |
| nT1D_5 | 1−5 | 6−10 | 0 | 12.9 | −3.43 | GAD65 | 0 | 0.16 | 0.16 | |
| nT1D_6 | 6−10 | 6−10 | 0 | 13.6 | −1.73 | GAD65, IA2, ZnT8 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.03 | |
| nT1D_7 | 11−15 | 6−10 | 0 | 16.5 | −0.5 | GAD65, IA2, ZnT8 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.07 | |
| nT1D_8 | 6−10 | 6−10 | 0 | 13.3 | −1.93 | GAD65, IA2, ZnT8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| nT1D_9 | 1−5 | 1−5 | 0 | 17.3 | 1.24 | GAD65 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| nT1D_10 | 6−10 | 6−10 | 0 | 17.6 | 1.13 | GAD65, IA2, ZnT8 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |
| 10yT1D | 10yT1D_1 | 1−5 | 16−20 | 11−15 | 25.7 | 1.3 | − | − | − | − |
| 10yT1D_2 | 1−5 | 16−20 | 16−20 | 20.8 | −0.64 | − | − | − | − | |
| 10yT1D_3 | 1−5 | 16−20 | 16−20 | 20.1 | −0.42 | − | − | − | − | |
| 10yT1D_4 | 1−5 | 11−15 | 11−15 | 25.1 | 1.16 | − | − | − | − | |
| 10yT1D_5 | 1−5 | 16−20 | 11−15 | 22.0 | 0.43 | − | − | − | − | |
| 10yT1D_6 | 1−5 | 16−20 | 11−15 | 18.4 | −1.09 | − | − | − | − | |
| 10yT1D_7 | 6−10 | 16−20 | 11−15 | 26.0 | 0.99 | − | − | − | − | |
| 10yT1D_8 | 11−15 | 21−25 | 11−15 | 24.7 | − | − | − | − | − | |
| 10yT1D_9 | 1−5 | 16−20 | 11−15 | 20.4 | 0.16 | − | − | − | − | |
| 10yT1D_10 | 11−15 | 21−25 | 6−10 | 22.1 | − | − | − | − | − | |
| HC | HC_1 | / | 1−5 | / | 17.5 | 1.22 | − | − | − | − |
| HC_2 | / | 1−5 | / | 15.5 | −0.94 | − | − | − | − | |
| HC_3 | / | 1−5 | / | 15.7 | 0.13 | − | − | − | − | |
| HC_4 | / | 1−5 | / | 15.1 | −0.26 | − | − | − | − | |
| HC_5 | / | 1−5 | / | 15.0 | −0.8 | − | − | − | − | |
| HC_6 | / | 1−5 | / | 16.7 | −0.3 | − | − | − | − | |
| HC_7 | / | 1−5 | / | 14.1 | −1.23 | − | − | − | − | |
| HC_8 | / | 1−5 | / | 17.4 | 1.22 | − | − | − | − | |
| HC_9 | / | 1−5 | / | 15.7 | 0.22 | − | − | − | − | |
| HC_10 | / | 1−5 | / | 14.4 | −1.86 | − | − | − | − | |
Characteristics of nT1D, 10yT1D, and HC participants: for every participant are reported the age as a range at T1D onset, age as a range at the examination when sample for EVs isolation was obtained, T1D duration and Z-score and BMI (BMI only for participants older than 21 years). nT1D participants were at the onset of the disease positive at least for one of T1D associated antibodies (GAD65, Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase; IA-2, Insulinoma Antigen 2; ZnT8, Zinc Transporter 8) [nT1D, new-onset T1D, n = 10; 10yT1D, 10 years duration T1D, n = 10; HC, healthy controls, n = 10; − : data below the limit of detection; /: no data].