Table 3.

Clinical and demographic variables associated with lower FTB, as measured with a wall goniometer.

Dependent variable	Independent variables	Total sample*	Unadjusted			Adjusted
			OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Limitations in ADLs
	Number of patients	40
	Sex, males vs. females∧		0.60	0.17–2.16	0.43	0.77	0.17–3.56	0.74
	Modified H&Y stage		5.32	1.67–16.93	0.005	6.54	1.79–23.78	0.004
	Disease duration, y		0.97	0.88–1.07	0.57	0.92	0.81–1.05	0.21
	Degrees		1.01	0.95–1.07	0.71	1	0.94–1.07	0.94
Motor impairment
	Number of patients	40
	Sex, males vs. females∧		0.86	0.25–3.05	0.82	1.61	0.33–7.77	0.55
	Modified H&Y stage		4.64	1.57–13.74	0.006	6.03	1.67–21.67	0.006
	Disease duration, y		0.98	0.89–1.08	0.78	0.96	0.85–1.09	0.57
	Degrees		1.05	0.98–1.11	0.17	1.06	0.97–1.15	0.16
Back pain
	Number of patients	40
	Sex, males vs. females∧		2.09	0.52–8.46	0.30	1.65	0.36–7.64	0.52
	Modified H&Y stage		0.62	0.26–1.45	0.27	0.66	0.26–1.67	0.38
	Disease duration, y		0.98	0.89–1.08	0.70	0.95	0.85–1.06	0.36
	Degrees		0.94	0.88–1	0.06	0.93	0.87–1	0.06
Falls
	Number of patients	40
	Sex, males vs. females∧		2.22	0.62–7.98	0.22	3.74	0.85–16.51	0.08
	Modified H&Y stage		1.70	0.76–3.81	0.19	2.15	0.84–5.46	0.11
	Disease duration, y		0.96	0.88–1.06	0.48	0.97	0.87–1.08	0.59
	Degrees		1.04	0.98–1.11	0.18	1.05	0.98–1.13	0.17

CI, confidence interval; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr; OR, Odds Ratio; PAD, Parkinson disease; ∧, denote the reference category; FTB, forward trunk bending;

^*The total sample included the isolated lower FTB (n = 27) and combined forms (upper + lower FTB, n = 13); significant associations in bold at p < 0.05.