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. 2020 Mar 31;11:518. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00518

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Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Lu, Wang, Liu, Chen, Shen, Luo, Xu, Peng, Luo, Huang, Wu, Zheng, Yi, Chen and Xu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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BTLA⁺ mDCs in active TB show an increased production of IL-4 and TGF-β compared with those from HCs. As IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β produced by mDCs affect the polarization of Th cells, we sought to investigate whether BTLA expression affects IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β production in mDCs. (A,D,G) show the mean frequencies of IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β producing mDCs in BTLA⁺ and BTLA⁻ DCs from HCs (n = 10). (B,E,H) show the mean frequencies of IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β producing mDCs in BTLA⁺ and BTLA⁻ DCs from TB patients (n = 12 or 14). (C,F,I) show the comparison of IL-4, IL-6, and TGF-β producing mDCs in BTLA⁺ and BTLA⁻ mDCs between HC and APT patients, respectively. The P values are shown in each column (Student t-test). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001.