Table 3.
Association between surgical outcomes and colon-cancer locations according to anemia and blood transfusion
| Variable | No complications | Any complicationb |
Minor complicationsc |
Major complicationsd |
30-day mortality |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of cases | No. of cases | ORa (95% CI) | P-value | No. of cases | ORa (95% CI) | P-value | No. of cases | ORa (95% CI) | P-value | No. of cases | ORa (95% CI) | P-value | |
| LCC | |||||||||||||
| Anemia | |||||||||||||
| No | 9,794 | 1, 279 | 1 [Reference] | 728 | 1 [Reference] | 634 | 1 [Reference] | 59 | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Mild | 6,318 | 1, 284 | 1.26 (1.15–1.38) | <0.001 | 680 | 1.22 (1.08–1.37) | 0.001 | 744 | 1.41 (1.24–1.59) | <0.001 | 113 | 1.55 (1.09–2.21) | 0.015 |
| Severe | 203 | 58 | 1.27 (0.92–1.74) | 0.146 | 26 | 1.19 (0.77–1.84) | 0.433 | 41 | 1.54 (1.06–2.24) | 0.023 | 3 | 0.76 (0.23–2.54) | 0.653 |
| Transfusion | |||||||||||||
| No | 15,567 | 2, 300 | 1 [Reference] | 1, 312 | 1 [Reference] | 1, 184 | 1 [Reference] | 136 | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Yes | 748 | 321 | 2.40 (2.06–2.78) | <0.001 | 122 | 1.66 (1.34–2.04) | <0.001 | 235 | 3.22 (2.71–3.82) | <0.001 | 39 | 3.05 (2.05–4.51) | <0.001 |
| Anemia/transfusion | |||||||||||||
| No anemia, no transfusion | 9,662 | 1, 221 | 1 [Reference] | 704 | 1 [Reference] | 592 | 1 [Reference] | 52 | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| No anemia, transfusion | 132 | 58 | 3.51 (2.55–4.85) | <0.001 | 24 | 2.54 (1.63–3.97) | <0.001 | 42 | 5.31 (3.68–7.64) | <0.001 | 7 | 6.97 (3.07–15.80) | <0.001 |
| Mild anemia, no transfusion | 5,779 | 1, 049 | 1.29 (1.17–1.41) | <0.001 | 590 | 1.24 (1.09–1.40) | 0.001 | 573 | 1.46 (1.29–1.66) | <0.001 | 83 | 1.74 (1.20–2.52) | 0.003 |
| Mild anemia, transfusion | 539 | 235 | 2.89 (2.43–3.44) | <0.001 | 90 | 1.96 (1.53–2.50) | <0.001 | 171 | 4.32 (3.52–5.29) | <0.001 | 30 | 4.48 (2.75–7.27) | <0.001 |
| Severe anemia, no transfusion | 126 | 30 | 1.62 (1.07–2.44) | 0.023 | 18 | 1.67 (1.00–2.77) | 0.050 | 19 | 2.13 (1.30–3.51) | 0.003 | 1 | 0.86 (0.12–6.33) | 0.881 |
| Severe anemia, transfusion | 77 | 28 | 2.42 (1.55–3.78) | <0.001 | 8 | 1.20 (0.57–2.51) | 0.631 | 22 | 3.90 (2.38–6.39) | <0.001 | 2 | 2.40 (0.57–10.20) | 0.233 |
| P-value for interaction | 0.002 | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.01 | |||||||||
| RCC | |||||||||||||
| Anemia | |||||||||||||
| No | 5,042 | 787 | 1 [Reference] | 434 | 1 [Reference] | 415 | 1 [Reference] | 47 | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Mild | 8,788 | 1, 818 | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 0.019 | 891 | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 0.531 | 1, 033 | 1.16 (1.02–1.32) | 0.024 | 190 | 1.38 (0.98–1.94) | 0.065 |
| Severe | 408 | 84 | 0.87 (0.67–1.13) | 0.296 | 44 | 0.93 (0.66–1.31) | 0.678 | 55 | 0.93 (0.68–1.29) | 0.650 | 14 | 1.55 (0.81–2.97) | 0.186 |
| Transfusion | |||||||||||||
| No | 13,078 | 2, 267 | 1 [Reference] | 1, 192 | 1 [Reference] | 1, 217 | 1 [Reference] | 196 | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Yes | 1,160 | 422 | 1.97 (1.73–2.24) | <0.001 | 177 | 1.63 (1.37–1.95) | <0.001 | 286 | 2.43 (2.08–2.82) | <0.001 | 55 | 2.01 (1.46–2.79) | <0.001 |
| Anemia/transfusion | |||||||||||||
| No anemia, no transfusion | 4,972 | 747 | 1 [Reference] | 421 | 1 [Reference] | 384 | 1 [Reference] | 42 | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| No anemia, transfusion | 70 | 40 | 3.74 (2.50–5.59) | <0.001 | 13 | 2.27 (1.24–4.15) | 0.008 | 31 | 5.64 (3.61–8.79) | <0.001 | 5 | 4.91 (1.88–12.85) | 0.001 |
| Mild anemia, no transfusion | 7,866 | 1, 477 | 1.16 (1.05–1.28) | 0.004 | 744 | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 0.565 | 806 | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) | 0.003 | 144 | 1.45 (1.02–2.08) | 0.038 |
| Mild anemia, transfusion | 922 | 341 | 2.21 (1.89–2.57) | <0.001 | 147 | 1.74 (1.42–2.14) | <0.001 | 227 | 2.79 (2.32–3.37) | <0.001 | 46 | 3.10 (2.00–4.81) | <0.001 |
| Severe anemia, no transfusion | 240 | 43 | 1.09 (0.77–1.52) | 0.627 | 27 | 1.23 (0.81–1.86) | 0.331 | 27 | 1.29 (0.85–1.96) | 0.232 | 10 | 3.18 (1.54–6.57) | 0.002 |
| Severe anemia, transfusion | 168 | 41 | 1.43 (1.00–2.04) | 0.050 | 17 | 1.09 (0.65–1.82) | 0.744 | 28 | 1.85 (1.21–2.82) | 0.005 | 4 | 1.48 (0.52–4.24) | 0.463 |
| P-value for interaction | <0.001 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.004 | |||||||||
LCC, left colon cancer; RCC, right colon cancer; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidential interval.
Adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking, functional status, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, body mass index, weight loss >10%, diabetes, congestive heart failure, previous cardiac surgery, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, transient ischemic attack, hypertension, pneumonia, myocardial infraction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular accident, and hemiplegia.
Including one or more of the complications listed in Table 2.
Including superficial surgical-site infection, deep vein thrombosis, urinary-tract infection, and/or thrombophlebitis.
Including deep surgical-site infection, organ-space surgical-site infection, wound disruption, pneumonia, re-intubation, pulmonary embolism, greater than 48-hour post-operative ventilator-assisted respiration, progressive renal insufficiency, acute renal failure, cerebrovascular accident, cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation, myocardial infraction, sepsis, and septic shock.