Figure 7.

Histopathological findings of urinary bladder at day 60 after CC induction. (A-C) Illustrating the microscopic finding (200 ×) of H.E. stain for identification of injury of epithelial layer. The integrity of epithelial layer in CC was destroyed (B) (red arrows) as compared with NC (A). On the contrary, the integrity was notably preserved in CC after receiving ECSW therapy (C). (D) Analytical result of the injury score of epithelial layer by day 60 after CC induction, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡), P < 0.0001. (E-G) Illustrating the microscopic finding (200 ×) of immunohistochemical staining for identification of intensive expression of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in epithelial layer of urinary bladder (pink color). (H) Quantitative analysis of GAG expression, * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡), P < 0.0001. (I) Quantification of vacuole formation (yellow arrows) in epithelial layer by day 60 after CC induction, solid square was the manifestation of dot-line square for identification of vacuole formation (red arrows), * vs. other groups with different symbols (†, ‡), P < 0.0001. Scale bars in right lower corner represent 50 µm. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni multiple comparison post hoc test (n = 6 for each group). Symbols (*, †, ‡) indicate significance at the 0.05 level. NC = normal control; CC = chronic cystitis; ECSW = extracorporeal shock wave.