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. 2020 Apr 6;20:288. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-06766-9

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies according to continent/region

Study Country Population /Data Source Cancer Information yCRC age range (yr) N (yCRC cases) Outcomes Quality Score
Site Definition Stage Primary/ Secondary Incidence/Prevalence Trend
North America (n = 26 studies)
 Chow, 1991 [14] USA SEER-9 colon ICD-O not reported < 55 not reported incidence AAPC x sex x ethnicity 18
 Polednak, 1994 [15] USA Connecticut Tumor Registry colorectal ICD-O not reported 0 to 44 not reported incidence % change in ASR x sex 18
 Marrett, 2002 [16] Canada National Cancer Incidence Reporting System, CCR colorectal ICD-9 not reported 20 to 44

w: 2692

m: 2876

incidence AAPC x sex 18
 Cress, 2006 [17] USA SEER-13 colorectal, rectum ICD-O-3 in situ, invasive, localized, regional/distant 0 to 49

w: 6893

m: 7803

incidence

1. APC x sex

2. APC x sex x site

17
 Siegel, 2009 [4] USA SEER-13 colorectal ICD-O-3 local, regional, distal 20 to 49

w: 9733

m: 10, 913

incidence APC x sex 16
 Meyer, 2010 [18] USA SEER-9

colon,

rectum

not reported not reported < 20 to 39

w: 3662

m: 3999

incidence

1. APC x site

2. APC x sex x site

17
 Merrill, 2011 [19] USA SEER-9 colorectal ICD-O-2 not reported 30 to 49 not reported incidence % change in RAIR x sex x ethnicity 16
 Ellison, 2012 [20] Canada CCR

colon,

rectum

ICD-O-3 not reported 20 to 49 not reported prevalence APC x age 16
 Giddings, 2012 [21] USA California Cancer Registry colorectal ICD-O-3 localized, regional, distant < 50

w: 1278

m: 1259

incidence APC x sex x ethnicity 19
 Nancy You, 2012 [5] USA National Cancer Database

colon,

rectum

ICD-O-3 stage III, IV < 50 64,068 incidence APC x site 18
 Austin, 2014 [22] USA CDC NPCR proximal colon, distal colon, rectum ICD-O-3 local, regional, distal < 50 not reported incidence

1. APC x ethnicity

2. APC x sex x ethnicity

18
 Siegel, 2014 [23] USA SEER-13, CDC NPCR proximal colon, distal colon, rectum ICD-O-3 local, regional, distal < 50

w: 6250

m: 7270

incidence

mortality

APC x site 17
 Singh, 2014 [24] USA California Cancer Registry proximal colon, distal colon, rectum ICD-O-3 local, regional, or distant 20 to 49 20,520 incidence BAPC x sex x age 19
 Bailey, 2015 [6] USA SEER-9

colon,

rectum

not reported localized, regional, distant 20 to 49 30,708 incidence

1. APC x age

2. APC x age x site

18
 Rahman, 2015 [25] USA SEER-18, North American Association of Central Cancer Registries colorectal not reported stage 0, I, II, II, IV < 50 60,023 incidence mortality AAPC 17
 Patel, 2016 [26] Canada National Cancer Incidence Reporting System, CCR, Quebec Cancer Registry

colon,

rectum

ICD-O-3 not reported 15 to 49

1969: 756

2010: 1475

incidence

1. APC x age

2. APC x sex x age

20
 Koblinkski, 2017 US SEER-18 colorectal not reported local, regional, distal < 50 not reported incidence percent change x ethnicity x stage 16
 Sheneman, 2017 [27] US Colorado Cancer Registry colorectal ICD-O-3 early, late < 50 3729 incidence

1. EAPC

2. EAPC x sex

18
 Siegel, 2017 [7] US SEER-9, CDC NPCR proximal colon, distal colon, rectum ICD-O-3 local, regional, distal 0 to 49

w: 6650

m: 7550

incidence mortality

1. AAPC x site

2. IRR x site

17
 Siegel, 2017 [7] US SEER-9 proximal colon, distal colon, rectum ICD-O-3 not reported 20 to 49 not reported incidence APC x age x site 19
 Wang, 2017 [28] US Texas Cancer Registry colorectal ICD-O-3 localized, regional, distant 20 to 49 13,028 incidence mortality APC x age 17
 Ansa, 2018 [29] US SEER-18 proximal colon, distal colon, rectum ICD-O-3 localized, regional, distant, or unstaged 0 to 49 57,938 incidence APC x age 18
 Crosbie, 2018 [30] US SEER-9 colorectal ICD-O-3 not reported 20 to 49

w: 4010

m: 4578

incidence APC x sex 19
 Ellis, 2018 [31] US California Cancer Registry colorectal not reported in situ, localized, regional, distant 20 to 49

w: 1304

m: 1276

incidence TAPC x sex x ethnicity 18
 Garcia, 2018 [32] US SEER-18, CDC NPCR colorectal ICD-O-3 localized, regional, distant 20 to 49 not reported incidence relative change in IR 18
 Jacobs, 2018 [33] US SEER-9

colon,

rectum

ICD-O-3 Stage 0–2, 3, 4 < 55 not reported incidence % change of IR 19
Oceania (n = 4 studies)
 Haggar, 2012 [34] Australia Western Australia Data Linkage Service colorectal ICD-O-3 not reported 15 to 39 500 incidence mortality APC x sex 18
 Boyce, 2016 [35] Australia New South Wales Central Cancer Registry

colon,

rectum

ICD-O-3 and ICD-10 localised, regional, distant < 30 to 49

w: 971

m: 1030

incidence mortality average annual linear trend in R 19
 Gandhi, 2017 [36] New Zealand New Zealand Cancer Registry proximal colon, distal colon, rectum not reported not reported < 50 not reported incidence rate of change of IR 19
 Troeung, 2017 [37] Australia Western Australia Cancer Registry colorectal ICD-9 and ICD-10 tumour grade 15 to 39

w: 256

m: 261

incidence mortality

1. APC overall

2. APC x sex

19
Europe (n = 3 studies)
 Zaridze, 1990 [38] Russia not well described

colon,

rectum

not reported not reported <29 to 49 not reported incidence APC x type x sex x age 9
 Larsen, 2010 [39] Norway Cancer Registry of Norway

colon,

rectum

ICD-7 not reported 35 to 54

w: 1739

m: 1707

incidence APC x age 18
 Ullah, 2018 [40] Ireland National Cancer Registry of Ireland colorectal not reported not reported 20 to 49 2750 incidence APC x age 18
Asia (n = 6 studies)
 Nooyi, 2011 [41] India Indian Population-Based Cancer Registries rectum ICD-O not reported 35 to 49 not reported incidence EAPC x sex x age 16
 Wu, 2012 [42] China Shanghai Cancer Registry colorectal ICD-9 not reported 15 to 49

w: 312

m: 259

incidence APC x sex 19
 Zhou, 2015 [43] China Guangzhou Cancer Registry colon, rectum ICD-10 not reported < 50 not reported incidence

1. APC

2. APC x sex

18
 Nakagawa, 2017 [44] Japan Japanese Population-Based Cancer Registries

colon,

rectum

ICD-10 not reported < 50 not reported incidence

1. APC x overall

2. APC x site

19
 Sarakarn, 2017 [45] Thailand Khon Kaen Cancer Registry colorectal ICD-O stage I, II, III, and IV < 50

w: 1566

m: 1798

incidence

1. APC

2. APC x sex

17
 Zhang, 2018 [46] China Hong Kong Cancer Registry

colon,

rectum

not reported not reported 20 to 49 8829 incidence APC x sex x type 20
Africa (n = 1 study)
 Hamdi Cherif, 2014 [47] Algeria Population-Based Cancer Registry of Setif colorectal ICD-O-3 not reported 15 to 44 not reported incidence APC x sex 19

Abbreviations: APC annual percent change (in incidence or prevalence); AAPC average annual percent change; ASR age-standardized incidence rate; BAPC biannual annual percent change; EAPC estimated annual percent change; TAPC triannual percent change; IR incidence rate; w women; m men; yCRC young-onset colorectal cancer; CDC Centre for Disease Control; ICD-O International Classification of Diseases for Oncology; ICD International Classification of Diseases;

SEER Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Registry;

CCR Canadian Cancer Registry;

CDC NPCR Centre for Disease Control National Program for Cancer Registries