Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies according to continent/region
| Study | Country | Population /Data Source | Cancer Information | yCRC age range (yr) | N (yCRC cases) | Outcomes | Quality Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site | Definition | Stage | Primary/ Secondary | Incidence/Prevalence Trend | ||||||
| North America (n = 26 studies) | ||||||||||
| Chow, 1991 [14] | USA | SEER-9 | colon | ICD-O | not reported | < 55 | not reported | incidence | AAPC x sex x ethnicity | 18 |
| Polednak, 1994 [15] | USA | Connecticut Tumor Registry | colorectal | ICD-O | not reported | 0 to 44 | not reported | incidence | % change in ASR x sex | 18 |
| Marrett, 2002 [16] | Canada | National Cancer Incidence Reporting System, CCR | colorectal | ICD-9 | not reported | 20 to 44 |
w: 2692 m: 2876 |
incidence | AAPC x sex | 18 |
| Cress, 2006 [17] | USA | SEER-13 | colorectal, rectum | ICD-O-3 | in situ, invasive, localized, regional/distant | 0 to 49 |
w: 6893 m: 7803 |
incidence |
1. APC x sex 2. APC x sex x site |
17 |
| Siegel, 2009 [4] | USA | SEER-13 | colorectal | ICD-O-3 | local, regional, distal | 20 to 49 |
w: 9733 m: 10, 913 |
incidence | APC x sex | 16 |
| Meyer, 2010 [18] | USA | SEER-9 |
colon, rectum |
not reported | not reported | < 20 to 39 |
w: 3662 m: 3999 |
incidence |
1. APC x site 2. APC x sex x site |
17 |
| Merrill, 2011 [19] | USA | SEER-9 | colorectal | ICD-O-2 | not reported | 30 to 49 | not reported | incidence | % change in RAIR x sex x ethnicity | 16 |
| Ellison, 2012 [20] | Canada | CCR |
colon, rectum |
ICD-O-3 | not reported | 20 to 49 | not reported | prevalence | APC x age | 16 |
| Giddings, 2012 [21] | USA | California Cancer Registry | colorectal | ICD-O-3 | localized, regional, distant | < 50 |
w: 1278 m: 1259 |
incidence | APC x sex x ethnicity | 19 |
| Nancy You, 2012 [5] | USA | National Cancer Database |
colon, rectum |
ICD-O-3 | stage III, IV | < 50 | 64,068 | incidence | APC x site | 18 |
| Austin, 2014 [22] | USA | CDC NPCR | proximal colon, distal colon, rectum | ICD-O-3 | local, regional, distal | < 50 | not reported | incidence |
1. APC x ethnicity 2. APC x sex x ethnicity |
18 |
| Siegel, 2014 [23] | USA | SEER-13, CDC NPCR | proximal colon, distal colon, rectum | ICD-O-3 | local, regional, distal | < 50 |
w: 6250 m: 7270 |
incidence mortality |
APC x site | 17 |
| Singh, 2014 [24] | USA | California Cancer Registry | proximal colon, distal colon, rectum | ICD-O-3 | local, regional, or distant | 20 to 49 | 20,520 | incidence | BAPC x sex x age | 19 |
| Bailey, 2015 [6] | USA | SEER-9 |
colon, rectum |
not reported | localized, regional, distant | 20 to 49 | 30,708 | incidence |
1. APC x age 2. APC x age x site |
18 |
| Rahman, 2015 [25] | USA | SEER-18, North American Association of Central Cancer Registries | colorectal | not reported | stage 0, I, II, II, IV | < 50 | 60,023 | incidence mortality | AAPC | 17 |
| Patel, 2016 [26] | Canada | National Cancer Incidence Reporting System, CCR, Quebec Cancer Registry |
colon, rectum |
ICD-O-3 | not reported | 15 to 49 |
1969: 756 2010: 1475 |
incidence |
1. APC x age 2. APC x sex x age |
20 |
| Koblinkski, 2017 | US | SEER-18 | colorectal | not reported | local, regional, distal | < 50 | not reported | incidence | percent change x ethnicity x stage | 16 |
| Sheneman, 2017 [27] | US | Colorado Cancer Registry | colorectal | ICD-O-3 | early, late | < 50 | 3729 | incidence |
1. EAPC 2. EAPC x sex |
18 |
| Siegel, 2017 [7] | US | SEER-9, CDC NPCR | proximal colon, distal colon, rectum | ICD-O-3 | local, regional, distal | 0 to 49 |
w: 6650 m: 7550 |
incidence mortality |
1. AAPC x site 2. IRR x site |
17 |
| Siegel, 2017 [7] | US | SEER-9 | proximal colon, distal colon, rectum | ICD-O-3 | not reported | 20 to 49 | not reported | incidence | APC x age x site | 19 |
| Wang, 2017 [28] | US | Texas Cancer Registry | colorectal | ICD-O-3 | localized, regional, distant | 20 to 49 | 13,028 | incidence mortality | APC x age | 17 |
| Ansa, 2018 [29] | US | SEER-18 | proximal colon, distal colon, rectum | ICD-O-3 | localized, regional, distant, or unstaged | 0 to 49 | 57,938 | incidence | APC x age | 18 |
| Crosbie, 2018 [30] | US | SEER-9 | colorectal | ICD-O-3 | not reported | 20 to 49 |
w: 4010 m: 4578 |
incidence | APC x sex | 19 |
| Ellis, 2018 [31] | US | California Cancer Registry | colorectal | not reported | in situ, localized, regional, distant | 20 to 49 |
w: 1304 m: 1276 |
incidence | TAPC x sex x ethnicity | 18 |
| Garcia, 2018 [32] | US | SEER-18, CDC NPCR | colorectal | ICD-O-3 | localized, regional, distant | 20 to 49 | not reported | incidence | relative change in IR | 18 |
| Jacobs, 2018 [33] | US | SEER-9 |
colon, rectum |
ICD-O-3 | Stage 0–2, 3, 4 | < 55 | not reported | incidence | % change of IR | 19 |
| Oceania (n = 4 studies) | ||||||||||
| Haggar, 2012 [34] | Australia | Western Australia Data Linkage Service | colorectal | ICD-O-3 | not reported | 15 to 39 | 500 | incidence mortality | APC x sex | 18 |
| Boyce, 2016 [35] | Australia | New South Wales Central Cancer Registry |
colon, rectum |
ICD-O-3 and ICD-10 | localised, regional, distant | < 30 to 49 |
w: 971 m: 1030 |
incidence mortality | average annual linear trend in R | 19 |
| Gandhi, 2017 [36] | New Zealand | New Zealand Cancer Registry | proximal colon, distal colon, rectum | not reported | not reported | < 50 | not reported | incidence | rate of change of IR | 19 |
| Troeung, 2017 [37] | Australia | Western Australia Cancer Registry | colorectal | ICD-9 and ICD-10 | tumour grade | 15 to 39 |
w: 256 m: 261 |
incidence mortality |
1. APC overall 2. APC x sex |
19 |
| Europe (n = 3 studies) | ||||||||||
| Zaridze, 1990 [38] | Russia | not well described |
colon, rectum |
not reported | not reported | <29 to 49 | not reported | incidence | APC x type x sex x age | 9 |
| Larsen, 2010 [39] | Norway | Cancer Registry of Norway |
colon, rectum |
ICD-7 | not reported | 35 to 54 |
w: 1739 m: 1707 |
incidence | APC x age | 18 |
| Ullah, 2018 [40] | Ireland | National Cancer Registry of Ireland | colorectal | not reported | not reported | 20 to 49 | 2750 | incidence | APC x age | 18 |
| Asia (n = 6 studies) | ||||||||||
| Nooyi, 2011 [41] | India | Indian Population-Based Cancer Registries | rectum | ICD-O | not reported | 35 to 49 | not reported | incidence | EAPC x sex x age | 16 |
| Wu, 2012 [42] | China | Shanghai Cancer Registry | colorectal | ICD-9 | not reported | 15 to 49 |
w: 312 m: 259 |
incidence | APC x sex | 19 |
| Zhou, 2015 [43] | China | Guangzhou Cancer Registry | colon, rectum | ICD-10 | not reported | < 50 | not reported | incidence |
1. APC 2. APC x sex |
18 |
| Nakagawa, 2017 [44] | Japan | Japanese Population-Based Cancer Registries |
colon, rectum |
ICD-10 | not reported | < 50 | not reported | incidence |
1. APC x overall 2. APC x site |
19 |
| Sarakarn, 2017 [45] | Thailand | Khon Kaen Cancer Registry | colorectal | ICD-O | stage I, II, III, and IV | < 50 |
w: 1566 m: 1798 |
incidence |
1. APC 2. APC x sex |
17 |
| Zhang, 2018 [46] | China | Hong Kong Cancer Registry |
colon, rectum |
not reported | not reported | 20 to 49 | 8829 | incidence | APC x sex x type | 20 |
| Africa (n = 1 study) | ||||||||||
| Hamdi Cherif, 2014 [47] | Algeria | Population-Based Cancer Registry of Setif | colorectal | ICD-O-3 | not reported | 15 to 44 | not reported | incidence | APC x sex | 19 |
Abbreviations: APC annual percent change (in incidence or prevalence); AAPC average annual percent change; ASR age-standardized incidence rate; BAPC biannual annual percent change; EAPC estimated annual percent change; TAPC triannual percent change; IR incidence rate; w women; m men; yCRC young-onset colorectal cancer; CDC Centre for Disease Control; ICD-O International Classification of Diseases for Oncology; ICD International Classification of Diseases;
SEER Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Registry;
CCR Canadian Cancer Registry;
CDC NPCR Centre for Disease Control National Program for Cancer Registries