Table 4.

Differences in subscale and total scores between groups, mean (SD), n = 682

Group	n	Own capacity	Perceived safety	Professional support	Participation	Total score
Parity
Primiparous	308	2.67 (0.54)	3.27 (0.68)	3.56 (0.58)	3.37 (0.64)	3.22 (0.50)
Multiparous	341	2.92 (0.53)	3.43 (0.57)	3.61 (0.45)	3.53 (0.51)	3.38 (0.42)
P-value a		< 0.001	0.003	0.960	0.001	< 0.001
Maternal age
≤ 30 years	271	2.77 (0.55)	3.33 (0.62)	3.57 (0.57)	3.54 (0.60)	3.28 (0.47)
> 30 years	381	2.82 (0.56)	3.37 (0.62)	3.60 (0.49)	3.46 (0.56)	3.32 (0.46)
P-value a		0.181	0.258	0.559	0.738	0.212
Labor duration
≤ 12 h	481	2.90 (0.54)	3.45 (0.57)	3.63 (0.47)	3.50 (0.54)	3.37 (0.43)
> 12 h	168	2.51 (0.51)	3.07 (0.69)	3.46 (0.61)	3.32 (0.64)	3.09 (0.50)
P-value a		< 0.001	< 0.001	0.003	< 0.001	< 0.001
Oxytocin treatment
Yes	172	2.50 (0.53)	3.13 (0.64)	3.51 (0.56)	3.36 (0.59)	3.12 (0.46)
No	463	2.92 (0.52)	3.45 (0.58)	3.63 (0.49)	3.49 (0.56)	3.37 (0.44)
P-Value a		< 0.001	< 0.001	0.012	0.002	< 0.001
Mode of birth
Spontaneous vaginal	568	2.86 (0.54)	3.41 (0.59)	3.61 (0.51)	3.50 (0.57)	3.34 (0.45)
Instrumental b	82	2.41 (0.54)	2.98 (0.70)	3.44 (0.57)	3.16 (0.60)	3.00 (0.48)
P-value a		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

^aMann-Whitney U-test

^bInstrumental vaginal birth + emergency caesarean