Treatment of bacterial biofilms with the
S. paucimobilis
phage ΦScott. (a) Image of plaque formation on a lawn of
S. paucimobilis
. Note the wide halos of lysogens. (b) TEM imaging from a high-titre ΦScott preparation. (c) Biofilm formation visualized and quantified with the presence (+) and absence (−) of ΦScott treatment. Reduction in
S. paucimobilis
c.f.u. reported below crystal violet images normalized to non-treated values. Quantified biofilm formation data analysed using two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison testing for the 24 h time point (testing non-treated vs phage-treated) and with Dunnett’s post-test for the 48 h time point (testing t
0 and t
20 phage, each versus non-treated), with significance denoted by *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. Mix, complete community; Cg,
C. gleum
; Sp,
S. paucimobilis
; NT, non-treated.’−’ denotes that that community member has been left out.