Table 1.
Baseline Characteristicsa
| Variable | Healthy (N = 44) | Uncomplicated (N = 83) | Severe (N = 101) | Severe—Alive (N = 67) | Severe—Dead (N = 34) | Overall | UM vs SM | Alive vs Dead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 27 (24 to 35) | 26 (20 to 40) | 30 (24 to 42) | 30 (22 to 40) | 30 (24 to 45) | 0.371 | 0.201 | 0.903 |
| Sex (%male) | 82% | 71% | 69% | 75% | 59% | 0.286 | 0.793 | 0.104 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.69 (1.55 to 1.8) | 1.55 (1.38 to 1.68) | 1.53 (1.46 to 1.66) | 1.52 (1.43 to 1.66) | 1.55 (1.48 to 1.66) | <0.001 | 0.906 | 0.39 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.7 (36.5 to 37) | 37.6 (37 to 38.8) | 38.1 (37.2 to 38.9) | 37.9 (37.2 to 38.9) | 38.4 (37.2 to 39.1) | <0.001 | 0.133 | 0.595 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121 (113 to 131) | 108 (99 to 116) | 110 (101 to 121) | 109 (100 to 120) | 114 (103 to 129) | <0.001 | 0.147 | 0.233 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72 (66 to 82) | 62 (54 to 69) | 65 (57 to 76) | 65 (58 to 75) | 65 (56 to 79) | <0.001 | 0.099 | 0.846 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 90 (82 to 97) | 78 (71 to 85) | 81 (72 to 91) | 81 (72 to 91) | 82 (71 to 95) | <0.001 | 0.075 | 0.419 |
| HR (/minute) | 77 (69 to 84) | 100 (88 to 112) | 113 (95 to 128) | 104 (91 to 122) | 124 (108 to 134) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SaO2 (%) | 97 (96 to 98) | 97 (96 to 98) | 96 (94 to 97) | 96 (95 to 97) | 96 (93 to 97) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.107 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 44 (38 to 46) | 30 (24 to 36) | 26 (21 to 32) | 27 (22 to 33) | 25 (19 to 32) | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.24 |
| Parasitemia (/µL) | NA | 13 138 (1200 to 55 465) | 98 872 (16 768 to 296 956) | 74 732 (12 208 to 284 107) | 135 114 (21 101 to 401 631) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.534 |
| BE (mmol) | NA | −1 (−3 to 0) | −8 (−11 to −4) | −6 (−10 to −4) | −11 (−16 to −7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | NA | 1 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.42 (1.02 to 3.54) | 1.37 (1 to 3.53) | 1.57 (1.03 to 4.23) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.407 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | NA | 1.5 (1.2 to 2) | 3.8 (2.5 to 6.3) | 2.9 (2 to 4.7) | 6.2 (3.9 to 9.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Coma (%GCS <11) | NA | 0% | 65% | 58% | 79% | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.034 |
Abbreviations: BE, base excess; BSA, body surface area; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GCS, Glasgow coma score; Hct, hematocrit; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; NA, not applicable; NR, not recorded; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SM, severe malaria; UM, uncomplicated malaria.
aShown is median (interquartile range) for nonbinary data, or percentage for binary data. Overall P value is from Kruskal-Wallis test comparing groups of healthy participant, severe and uncomplicated malaria.