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. 2013 May 24;381(9880):1791–1792. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60673-X

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Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Risks of major transfusion-transmitted viruses related to interventions, and accelerating rate of emerging infectious diseases of concern to blood safety

Evolution of the risks of transmission by blood transfusion for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. Major interventions to reduce risks are shown below the time line on the X axis. Emerging infectious disease threats in the past 20 years are shown above in the top right quadrant of the figure. HBsAg=hepatitis B surface antigen. Ab=antibody. NANB=non-A, non-B hepatitis. Ag=antigen. HCV=hepatitis C virus. NAT=nucleic acid testing. HBV=hepatitis B virus. ICL=idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocytopenia. vCJD=variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PTLVs=primate T lymphotropic viruses. SFV=simian foamy virus. WNV=West Nile virus. SARS=severe acute respiratory syndrome. DENV=dengue virus. CHIKV=chikungunya virus. XMRV=xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus. Reproduced with permission from reference 4.