Gates 2005.

Methods	Randomised, double‐blind study to evaluate the effects of two parameter settings (low and high) on seizure control.
Participants	The study population consisted of 13 patients with a diagnosis of refractory seizures that are treated with adjunctive VNS Therapy. The two groups were a high stimulation setting (HSS, n=5) group and a low stimulation setting (LSS, n=8) group comparison.
Interventions	VNS therapy.
Outcomes	Efficacy was evaluated as reduction in seizure frequency. The mean pre‐activation seizure frequencies/60‐days for the LSS and HSS‐groups were 16.0 and 43.6 respectively. For the LLS group, the 30‐, 90‐, and 180‐day post‐activation mean seizure frequencies were 9.1, 9.1 and 20.4 respectively. For the HSS group, the 30‐, 90‐, and 180‐day post‐activation mean seizure frequencies were 17.0, 35.6 and 68.0 respectively.
Notes