Lin 2002.

Methods	Data collection: 7/1999 to 8/2000. Exclusion from analysis: life expectancy less than 7 days, fever or infection on entry, positive bacterial culture on entry, and previous use of antibiotics within 2 weeks prior to admission. Initial infection assessment: blood culture, urine culture cell, chest X‐ray, sputum culture, and ascitic fluid culture. Follow‐up period: 7 days.
Participants	Taiwan Hospitalised cirrhotic patients with endoscopy proven upper gastrointestinal bleeding, without infection or previous use of antibiotics. Endoscopy was performed 12 h within of hospitalisation. The haemostatic procedure include band ligation plus somastotatin, sandostatin or terlipressin (variceal bleeding) or endoscopic injection of water or diluted epinephrine (peptic ulcer bleeding). Child‐Pugh class A/B/C: 27/50/20.
Interventions	Experimental: intravenous cefazolin 1 g tid during 3 days and then shift to oral cephalexin 500 mg qid for 4 days. Control: no antibiotic prophylaxis.
Outcomes	Prevention of bacterial infections.
Notes	The authors were contacted via e‐mail and no response was received (23‐June‐2010).
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding? All outcomes	High risk	Not a blinded trial.
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	Low risk	Missing data are balanced in number across the intervention groups.
Free of selective reporting?	Low risk	The report include all the expected outcomes.
Free of other bias?	Low risk	The trial appears to be free of other sources of bias.
Intention to treat analysis?	High risk	The exclusion of the patients was based an exclusion rule.
Sample calculation?	High risk	No sample calculation procedure.