Fernandez 2006.

Methods	Data collection 02/2000 to 04/2004. Exclusion from analysis: occult infection (positive blood cultures obtained prior to randomisation) and less than two signs of liver failure (Norfloxacin group 6/63; Ceftriaxone group 7/61). Follow‐up period: 10 days.
Participants	Spain Multicenter trial on hospitalised patients in patients with cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Etiology of bleeding: portal hypertension related in 77% of participants. Initial infection assessment: blood cultures, ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear count, urine sediment and culture, chest X‐ray. Emergency endoscopy within 24 h after onset of the haemorrhage, plus somatostatin or terlipressin on portal hypertension related haemorrhage. Sclerotherapy or banding was performed to stop bleeding. Chil‐Pugh class A/B/C: 0/52/59.
Interventions	Experimental: intravenous ceftriaxone 1g per day for 7 days. Control: oral norfloxacin 400 mg b.i.d. for 7 days.
Outcomes	Prevention of bacterial infections.
Notes	The authors were contacted via e‐mail and response was received (28‐June‐2010).
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation?	Low risk	The sequence was generated using a random number software.
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding? All outcomes	High risk	Not a blinded trial.
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	Low risk	Missing data are balanced in number across the intervention groups.
Free of selective reporting?	Low risk	The report include all the expected outcomes.
Free of other bias?	Low risk	The trial appears to be free of other sources of bias.
Intention to treat analysis?	High risk	The excluded participants are balanced and with a justifiable reason.
Sample calculation?	Low risk	The sample was calculated considering the expected incidence of proved and possible infections.