Table 2.

Results of the top five associated biomarkers as included in the replication analysis.

	Platform	Amines	Amines	Other	Organic acids	Organic acids
	Metabolite	Gamma-glutamylglutamine	L-arginine	Creatinine	Glyceric acid	Succinic acid
Discovery analysis	N	783	783	785	783	783
	B	−0.25	−0.11	0.24	0.12	0.16
	SE	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.09
	p-value	0.004	0.193	0.003	0.193	0.060
	FDR p-value	0.09	0.79	0.08	0.79	0.66
Replication analysis	Mean difference	−0.11	−0.09	0.08	0.09	0.02
	df	188	188	188	188	188
	T	−1.80	−1.05	1.17	1.09	0.34
	p-value	0.07	0.29	0.24	0.28	0.73
	FDR p-value	0.21	0.42	0.40	0.42	0.79
Validation analysis	N	367	367	367	367	367
	B	−0.17	0.12	0.16	0.09	−0.23
	SE	0.14	0.11	0.12	0.12	0.13
	p-value	0.25	0.27	0.16	0.42	0.07
	FDR p-value	0.34	0.34	0.34	0.42	0.34

This table includes the results from the between-family discovery, the within-family validation and replication analyses for all 5 biomarkers. Discovery analyses were performed with GEE for 783 twins with low or high aggression. The p-values in the discovery analysis have been adjusted for multiple testing using the FDR of 5% for 89 tests. Validation analyses were performed with paired t-tests for 189 twin pairs discordant (high-low) on aggression status. The p-values in the validation analysis have been adjusted for multiple testing using the FDR 5% for 23 tests. Replication analyses were performed with GEE for 183 clinical cases and 184 twin controls. The p-values in the replication analysis have been adjusted for multiple testing using the FDR of 5% for 5 tests. All p ≤ 0.05 have been given in bold. Full model information of the discovery, validation and replication analyses have been included in Supplementary Tables 6–8, respectively.