Table 2.

Nutritional support depending on the respiratory support allocated to the ICU patient.

Setting	Ward	ICU Day 1–2	ICU Day 2-	Ward rehabilitation
Oxygen Therapy and mechanical ventilation	No or consider O2 support (High) Flow Nasal Cannula	FNC followed by mechanical ventilation	Mechanical ventilation	Possible extubation and transfer to ward
Organ Failure	Bilateral pneumonia, thrombopenia	Deterioration of respiratory status; ARDS; possible shock	MOF possible	Progressive recovery after extubation
Nutritional support	Screening for malnutrition; oral feeding/ONS, enteral or parenteral nutrition if needed	Define energy and protein target In case of FNC or NIV, administer energy/protein orally or enterally and if not possible parenterally	Prefer early enteral feeding Protein and mobilization	Assess dysphagia and use oral nutrition if possible; if not: enteral or parenteral nutrition Increase protein intake and add exercise

According to the progression of the infection, a medical nutritional therapy is proposed in association with the respiratory support in the intensive care setting. Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; FNC, flow nasal cannula; MV, mechanical ventilation; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; MOF, multiorgan failure; ONS, oral nutritional supplement.