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HCV-induced liver fibrosis. HBV- or HCV-infected hepatocytes and/or inflammation activates hepatic stellate cells through soluble factors. There are some direct acting mechanisms that may lead to liver fibrosis in viral hepatitis. HCV virus can activate hepatic stellate cells by NS3-NS5 and core particles. It is also illustrated that HCV RNA can differentiate monocytes to fibrocytes. HBV HBx and HBc particles are also believed to activate hepatic stellate cells.
