Table 1.
Background characteristics of CLHIV on ART in Zambia from 2004 to 2018.
| Characteristic | Child status | Person years of follow up | Mortality rates (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of children that died | Total number of children analyzed | |||
| Overall | 3,265 | 65,448 (100) | 275,715 | 0.011 (0.011–0.012) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1,520 | 33, 483 (51) | 138,737 | 0.80 (0.65–0.99) |
| Male | 1,745 | 31,965 (49) | 137,045 | 1.08 (0.90–1.30) |
| Age when starting ART | ||||
| Birth – <1 year | 675 | 6,311 (10) | 30,000 | 2.24 (2.08–2.42) |
| 1–2 years | 1,211 | 14,925 (23) | 73,864 | 1.63 (1.54–1.73) |
| 3–5 years | 432 | 12,073 (18) | 65,278 | 0.66 (0.60–0.791) |
| 6–9 years | 513 | 15,479 (23) | 70,671 | 0.72 (0.66–0.79) |
| 10–15 years | 431 | 16,496 (25) | 35,687 | 1.20 (1.09–1.32) |
| WHO clinical staging | ||||
| Stage 1 | 920 | 39,886 (71) | 186,156 | 0.49 (0.46–0.52) |
| Stage 2 | 334 | 5,499 (10) | 22,216 | 1.50 (1.35–1.67) |
| Stage 3 | 1,150 | 8,406 (15) | 32,032 | 3.38 (3.38–3.80) |
| Stage 4 | 425 | 1,961 (4) | 7,267 | 5.84 (5.31–6.43) |
| CD4 count | ||||
| Normal | 49 | 1,362 (30) | 7,779 | 0.62 (0.47–0.83) |
| Low | 53 | 3,246 (71) | 13,612 | 1.12 (0.95–1.31) |
| Weight for age Z-score | ||||
| Normal | 130 | 5,261 (93) | 37,455 | 0.341 (0.29–0.41) |
| Moderate | 29 | 195 (3) | 1,101 | 2.63 (1.82–3.78) |
| Severe | 18 | 145 (3) | 760 | 2.36 (1.49–3.75) |
| ART regimen | ||||
| NRTI | 601 | 7,314 (47) | 23,700 | 1.38 (0.78–2.44) |
| EFV Based | 137 | 3,580 (23) | 15,471 | 1.19 (0.66–2.15) |
| NVP based | 418 | 4,393 (29) | 8,683 | 4.11 (2.68–6.30) |
| Year of ART initiation | ||||
| 2004/2006 | 473 | 6,035 (9) | 35,904 | 1.31 (1.20–1.44) |
| 2007/2009 | 1,243 | 16,445 (25) | 93,977 | 1.32 (1.25–1.39) |
| 2010/2012 | 1,003 | 19,026 (29) | 87,213 | 1.15 (1.08–1.22) |
| 2013/2015 | 470 | 17,549 (26) | 51,629 | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) |
| 2016/2017 | 76 | 6,393 (10) | 6,991 | 1.08 (0.86–1.36) |
| Time on ART | ||||
| Under 1 year | 2,265 | 11,276 (17) | 59,206 | 3.82 (3.67–3.98) |
| At 1 year | 430 | 7,856 (12) | 50,211 | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) |
| At 2 years | 445 | 22,132 (33) | 104,156 | 0.42 (0.38–0.46) |
| At 5 years | 123 | 21,614 (33) | 59,543 | 0.20 (0.17–0.24) |
| At 10 years | 2 | 2,570 (4) | 2,598 | 0.07 (0.01–0.30) |
| Time from testing to ART initiation | ||||
| Same day | 1,075 | 21,307 (33) | 86,961 | 1.23 (1.16–1.31) |
| 1 week | 240 | 3,712 (6) | 15,426 | 1.55 (1.37–1.76) |
| Up to 1 month | 849 | 13,471 (21) | 56,774 | 1.49 (1.39–1.59) |
| More than a month | 1,101 | 26,958 (41) | 116,553 | 0.94 (0.89–1.00) |