| 1 Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours |
2 |
384 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.32 [0.02, 4.83] |
| 1.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
39 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.88 [0.67, 1.15] |
| 1.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
345 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.12 [0.08, 0.18] |
| 2 Uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes |
15 |
1359 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.16 [1.67, 5.98] |
| 2.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
7 |
515 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.38 [0.46, 4.15] |
| 2.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
3 |
208 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.34 [0.27, 106.70] |
| 2.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
5 |
636 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
4.53 [1.92, 10.65] |
| 3 Caesarean section |
36 |
6599 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.91 [0.81, 1.02] |
| 3.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
16 |
1405 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.01 [0.83, 1.24] |
| 3.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
15 |
4523 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.73, 1.02] |
| 3.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
5 |
671 |
Risk Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.85 [0.65, 1.12] |
| 4 Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death |
9 |
3638 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.46 [0.09, 2.31] |
| 4.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
85 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 4.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
5 |
3269 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.46 [0.09, 2.31] |
| 4.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
284 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5 Serious maternal morbidity or death |
3 |
530 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.23 [0.34, 14.76] |
| 5.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo |
2 |
461 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.23 [0.34, 14.76] |
| 5.2 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
69 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 6 Cervix unfavourable/unchanged after 12 to 24 hours |
6 |
567 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.41 [0.27, 0.65] |
| 6.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
3 |
232 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.54 [0.39, 0.73] |
| 6.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
235 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.28 [0.07, 1.08] |
| 6.3 1.6.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
100 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.14 [0.05, 0.45] |
| 7 Oxytocin augmentation |
13 |
1421 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.81 [0.63, 1.05] |
| 7.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
7 |
545 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.59, 1.47] |
| 7.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
5 |
795 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.80 [0.63, 1.01] |
| 7.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
81 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.36 [0.20, 0.64] |
| 8 Uterine hyperstimulation without FHR changes |
13 |
3636 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.48 [1.17, 5.26] |
| 8.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
6 |
443 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.26 [0.33, 4.84] |
| 8.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
5 |
2953 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.34 [0.78, 7.03] |
| 8.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
240 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
7.85 [1.05, 58.82] |
| 9 Uterine rupture |
2 |
2579 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.90 [0.12, 68.50] |
| 9.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
59 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.90 [0.12, 68.50] |
| 9.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
2520 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 10 Epidural analgesia |
7 |
3555 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.16 [0.85, 1.60] |
| 10.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
434 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.80 [0.41, 1.55] |
| 10.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
4 |
3040 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.41 [0.81, 2.44] |
| 10.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
81 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.18 [0.83, 1.68] |
| 11 Instrumental vaginal delivery |
13 |
4219 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.95 [0.82, 1.10] |
| 11.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
6 |
721 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.84 [0.55, 1.28] |
| 11.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
5 |
3348 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.97 [0.83, 1.13] |
| 11.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
150 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.01 [0.55, 1.86] |
| 12 Meconium‐stained liquor |
12 |
4245 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.82 [0.68, 0.98] |
| 12.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
5 |
704 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.95 [0.65, 1.40] |
| 12.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
7 |
3541 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.79 [0.64, 0.97] |
| 13 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes |
16 |
4481 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.28 [0.86, 1.92] |
| 13.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
9 |
1046 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.56 [0.24, 1.30] |
| 13.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
6 |
3220 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.34 [0.80, 2.27] |
| 13.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
215 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
6.21 [1.41, 27.34] |
| 14 Neonatal intensive care unit admission |
12 |
4022 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.94 [0.78, 1.14] |
| 14.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
4 |
681 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.23 [0.70, 2.15] |
| 14.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
7 |
3272 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.90 [0.73, 1.10] |
| 14.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
69 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
3.27 [0.36, 29.93] |
| 15 Perinatal death |
7 |
3648 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.56 [0.14, 2.22] |
| 15.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
431 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.06 [0.07, 16.85] |
| 15.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
4 |
3148 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.46 [0.09, 2.31] |
| 15.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
69 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 16 Maternal side‐effects (all) |
12 |
6780 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.15 [0.80, 1.67] |
| 16.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
6 |
577 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.95 [1.02, 3.74] |
| 16.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
5 |
5558 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.84 [0.53, 1.34] |
| 16.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
645 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17 Nausea (maternal) |
1 |
84 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.1 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
84 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18 Vomitting (maternal) |
3 |
2794 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.16 [0.39, 3.39] |
| 18.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
59 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.97 [0.15, 6.41] |
| 18.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
2520 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.25 [0.34, 4.65] |
| 18.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
215 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19 Diarrhoea (maternal) |
3 |
2819 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
7.01 [0.36, 135.59] |
| 19.1 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
2604 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
7.01 [0.36, 135.59] |
| 19.2 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
215 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 20 Other maternal side‐effects |
7 |
871 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.97 [0.62, 1.51] |
| 20.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
4 |
356 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.78 [0.97, 8.02] |
| 20.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
2 |
300 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.69 [0.42, 1.15] |
| 20.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
215 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 21 Postpartum haemorrhage |
9 |
3537 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.47 [1.04, 2.09] |
| 21.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
4 |
282 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.14 [0.33, 3.97] |
| 21.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
4 |
3040 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
1.46 [1.01, 2.11] |
| 21.3 PGE2 (sustained release) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
215 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
5.64 [0.27, 116.05] |
| 22 Serious maternal complication |
1 |
59 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.90 [0.12, 68.50] |
| 22.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
59 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) |
2.90 [0.12, 68.50] |
| 23 Woman not satisfied |
2 |
2922 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.76 [0.24, 2.40] |
| 23.1 PGE2 (once only) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
402 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.40 [0.83, 2.35] |
| 23.2 PGE2 (repeated doses) vs placebo/no treatment |
1 |
2520 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.44 [0.33, 0.58] |
