Table 3. Atypical antipsychotic studies: genetic associations with efficacy outcomes.

Author, year	Design	Black/Total N	Condition(s)a Drug(s)b	Variants and relative directionality of effect on efficacy among Blacksc
Li 201850	Pooled trials	219/587	Sz; L	↑ (STXBP5L variants);↓Eff (CTNNA2 SNP)
Li 201851	Pooled trials	195/429	Sz; L	= (multiple genes and SNPs)
Hwang 2012, 2011, 2010, 2007, 2006, 200542–47	Pooled studies	98/426	Sz; C,O,R,H	↓ (120-bp repeat and (G)n repeat, DRD4); θ (48-bp repeat, DRD4; DRD1 haplotype); ↑ (DRD1 genotype and haplotype; SNPs and haplotypes, DRD2)
Fijal 200948	RCT, post hoc	78/153	Sz,Sa; R	↑ PANSS negative symptom change (COMT SNP); = PANSS total score change (GRM3 SNP); θ PANSS positive symptom change (GRM3 SNP)
Zuo 200941	RCT	54/181	Sz; H,C	θ (DTNBP1 haplotype, diplotype); ↑ (clozapine; DTNBP1 SNP); ↑ (haloperidol; DTNBP1 SNP)
Campbell 200849	RCT, post hoc	198/678	Sz;P,Z,O,R,Q	↑ (RGS4 SNP)
Muller 200540	Pooled cohorts	57/145	Sz; C,H,O,R	θ (GNB3 SNP)

Key: ↑ increased efficacy; ↓ decreased efficacy; =equal efficacy; θ genetic effect on efficacy found in another group not found among Blacks; bp, base pair; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.

a. Sa, schizoaffective disorder; Sz, schizophrenia.

b. A, aripiprazole; C, clozapine; H, haloperidol; L, lurasidone; O, olanzapine; P, perphenazine; Q, quetiapine; R, risperidone; Z, zuprasidone.

c. Compared with other racial and/or ethnic groups.