Table 3.

Percentages of women (20-44y) using dietary supplements containing specified micronutrients by pregnancy and lactation status in the United States, NHANES 1999-2014

	Pregnant women (n=1,314)	Lactating women (n=297)	Non-pregnant and non-lactating women (n=8,096)
Vitamin A	40.3 ± 2.2 a	41.6 ± 3.7 a	22.0 ± 0.6 b
Thiamin	69.4 ± 2.2 a	63.7 ± 3.4 a	30.4 ± 0.7 b
Riboflavin	69.4 ± 2.2 a	63.7 ± 3.4 a	30.4 ± 0.7 b
Niacin	69.6 ± 2.2 a	63.9 ± 3.4 a	31.2 ± 0.7 b
Vitamin B6	72.8 ± 2.1 a	65.1 ± 3.4 a	32.7 ± 0.7 b
Folic acid	73.3 ± 2.1 a	65.1 ± 3.4 a	32.9 ± 0.7 b
Vitamin B12	69.9 ± 2.1 a	63.9 ± 3.5 a	32.9 ± 0.7 b
Vitamin C	73.3 ± 2.0 a	64.6 ± 3.4 a	35.5 ± 0.8 b
Vitamin D	71.7 ± 2.0 a	66.8 ± 3.3 a	33.1 ± 0.7 b
Vitamin E	72.0 ± 2.0 a	64.0 ± 3.5 a	32.6 ± 0.7 b
Choline	4.9 ± 1.1 a	7.6 ± 2.1 a	5.2 ± 0.3 a
Calcium	68.1 ± 2.2 a	62.3 ± 3.2 a	32.2 ± 0.7 b
Iodine	20.4 ± 1.7 a	17.5 ± 2.5 a	18.2 ± 0.6 a
Iron	72.3 ± 2.0 a	65.0 ± 3.3 a	28.3 ± 0.7 b
Magnesium	28.1 ± 2.1 a	26.2 ± 3.8 a	26.0 ± 0.6 a
Phosphorous	5.2 ± 1.0 a	6.2 ± 2.0 a	13.3 ± 0.5 b
Selenium	9.9 ± 1.2 a	11.7 ± 2.7 a	21.0 ± 0.6 b
Zinc	68.0 ± 2.2 a	60.6 ± 3.5 a	29.8 ± 0.7 b

NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

All estimates are percentage ± SEs.

Estimates with different alphabetic characters are significantly different from each other at P<0.0167.