. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 7.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Lab Med. 2018 Dec 18;39(1):61–72. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.10.005

Table 1.

Categories of biomarkers as defined by the National Institutes of Health working group

Category	Definition	Example
Diagnostic	Can help a clinician identify a disease rapidly so that treatment can be initiated Can help to differentiate diseases with similar clinical presentations	REG3α can help to differentiate Gl GVHD from other causes of non-GVHD diarrhea²⁸
Prognostic	Can aid the clinician in the anticipated course of disease Can also help determine the likelihood of developing a particular complication	A panel of HA, VCAM, and L-ficolin drawn on day 0 of HSCTcan serve as a prognostic panel for the future development of SOS³⁴
Predictive	Measured before therapy is initiated Helps to determine how a disease will progress following therapy Can give information on how a patient will respond to a particular treatment of intervention	ST2 can serve as a predictive marker for response to therapy for GVHD¹⁴
Response to treatment	Measured after therapy is initiated Can help monitor therapeutic response Could potentially be used as a substitute for a clinical response	MAGIC biomarkers (ST2 and Reg3α) measured at 1 wk after initiation of steroids can predict steroids resistant disease and nonrelapsed mortality¹⁶