Table 3.

miR-34a-Based Treatment and Chemoresistance in GICs

Cancer	Treatment/Chemoresistance	Strategies	Cell Line	In vivo/In vitro	Administration, Dosage, and Period	Result	References
EC	Treatment	Combined use of doxorubicin‐loaded poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐Pluronic micelles and miR‐34a mimics	ECa-109	In vivo	Intravenous injection (5 mg/kg) Once every 3 days, 5 times	Enhanced anti-tumor effect	[47]
GC	Chemoresistance	miR-34a mimics	SGC-7901	In vitro		Increased the sensitivity of cells to DDP	[75]
	Treatment	Poly-L-lysine-graft-imidazole (PLI)/miR-34a mimics complex encapsulated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) liposome vesicles	MKN-74	In vivo	Intravenous injection (1 nmole of miR-34a) 2 times per week, 3 weeks	Enhanced the delivery efficiency of miR-34a	[76]
	Chemoresistance	miR-34a agomir	BGC-823	In vivo	Intratumoral injection (5 nM miR-34a+10 mg/kg luteolin) 2 times per week, 2 weeks	Enhanced the sensitivity of cells to luteolin	[52]
CRC	Treatment	Increased the levels of endogenous miR-34a	HCT8	In vitro		Spica prunellae exerted antitumor activity	[125]
	Chemoresistance	miR-34a mimics	HT29	In vitro		Increased sensitivity of cells to oxaliplatin	[122]
	Chemoresistance	pre-miR-34a	DLD-1	In vitro		Increased sensitivity of cells to 5- fluorouracil	[123]
	Chemoresistance	Increased the levels of endogenous miR-34a	HCT116, SW480	In vivo	siKCNQ1OT1 and siNC were inoculated subcutaneously in the right flank of the nude mice. (measured per week for 5 weeks)	Increased sensitivity of cells to oxaliplatin	[126]
	Chemoresistance	Increased the levels of endogenous miR-34a	HCT116, SW620	In vitro		Increased sensitivity of cells to oxaliplatin or 5- fluorouracil	[94]
	Treatment	Increased the levels of endogenous miR-34a	DLD-1	In vitro		Resveratrol exerted antitumor activity	[124]
HCC	Chemoresistance	miR-34a mimics	Huh-7	In vitro		Sensitized the cells to sorafenib treatment	[148]
	Treatment	miR-34a mimics and erlotinib	HepG2	In vitro		Enhanced anti-tumor effect	[149]
PC	Treatment	miR-126 and miR-34a (AdCEAp-miR126/34a)	Panc-1	In vivo	Intratumoral injection (2×108pfu/dose) once every other day, 5 times	Enhanced anti-tumor effect	[167]
	Treatment	miR-34a mimics and PLK1 siRNA	MiaPaCa-2	In vivo	Intravenous injection (3 mg/kg) 5 consecutive times, 2 cycles with a 3 days break between them	Enhanced anti-tumor effect	[168]
	Treatment	A lipid-based nanoparticle for systemic delivery of miR-34a	MiaPaCa-2	In vivo	Intravenous injection (50 ug of DNA complexed with liposome at a 4:1 lipid/DNA charge ratio) 3 times per week, 3 weeks	Enhanced the delivery efficiency of miR-34a	[166]