TABLE 1.
Baseline participant characteristics according to diabetes status and baseline scores of metabolites1
| By diabetes incidence during follow-up | By extreme quartiles of the baseline metabolite score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subcohort2 | Incident cases | Quartile 1 | Quartile 4 | |
| n | 691 | 251 | 204 | 252 |
| Age, y | 66.5 ± 5.7 | 66.4 ± 5.7 | 65.7 ± 5.4 | 66.8 ± 5.7 |
| Women | 62.8 | 55.0 | 59.8 | 60.3 |
| Intervention group | ||||
| MedDiet + EVOO | 30.4 | 29.9 | 33.3 | 27.0 |
| MedDiet + nuts | 37.3 | 33.9 | 39.7 | 32.1 |
| Control | 32.3 | 36.3 | 27.0 | 40.9 |
| Hypertension | 90.9 | 96.0 | 90.2 | 94.4 |
| Dyslipidemia | 85.0 | 79.7 | 84.3 | 85.7 |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 60.9 | 52.6 | 55.9 | 57.5 |
| Former | 22.6 | 22.3 | 20.6 | 18.3 |
| Current | 16.5 | 25.1 | 23.5 | 24.2 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 99.5 ± 10.7 | 103.4 ± 10.0 | 97.9 ± 11.0 | 103.3 ± 10.1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.9 ± 3.6 | 30.8 ± 3.3 | 29.5 ± 3.8 | 30.8 ± 3.5 |
| Physical activity, METs-min/d | 239 ± 238 | 249 ± 232 | 257 ± 249 | 220 ± 231 |
| Education | ||||
| Elementary or lower | 75.5 | 76.5 | 69.1 | 75.8 |
| Secondary or higher | 24.5 | 23.5 | 30.9 | 24.2 |
| Total energy intake, kcal/d | 2277 ± 564 | 2327 ± 622 | 2316 ± 593 | 2268 ± 581 |
| MedDiet score3 | 8.6 ± 1.9 | 8.5 ± 1.8 | 8.8 ± 1.7 | 8.5 ± 2.2 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 99.6 ± 15.2 | 117.2 ± 17.6 | 100.2 ± 15.4 | 108.4 ± 19.2 |
1
Values are means ± SDs or percentages unless indicated otherwise. EVOO, extra-virgin olive oil; MedDiet, Mediterranean diet; MET, metabolic equivalent task.
2
Thirty-seven cases are included in the randomly selected subcohort.
3
This score is based on the 14-item PREDIMED screener of adherence to the MedDiet.