TABLE 4.
Incident T2D by 1-y changes in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle metabolites stratified by intervention group in the PREDIMED trial, 2003–20101
| Control group | Mediterranean diet groups (2 groups) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | T2D cases | Adjusted HR per 1-SD increment2 (95% CI) | n | T2D cases | Adjusted HR per 1-SD increment2 (95% CI) | P-interaction | P-interaction3 | |
| Hexose monophosphate | 210 | 58 | 1.62 (1.15, 2.28) | 446 | 99 | 1.47 (1.13, 1.90) | 0.821 | 0.945 |
| 3-Phosphoglycerate | 210 | 58 | 2.01 (1.39, 2.91) | 445 | 99 | 1.44 (1.03, 2.00) | 0.876 | 0.945 |
| Lactate | 210 | 58 | 2.18 (1.31, 3.63) | 446 | 99 | 1.63 (1.22, 2.17) | 0.899 | 0.945 |
| Citrate | 210 | 58 | 1.53 (1.11, 2.11) | 446 | 99 | 1.14 (0.90, 1.45) | 0.118 | 0.314 |
| Aconitate | 210 | 58 | 2.14 (1.45, 3.17) | 446 | 99 | 1.54 (1.15, 2.06) | 0.945 | 0.945 |
| Isocitrate | 210 | 58 | 2.96 (1.87, 4.68) | 446 | 99 | 1.13 (0.89, 1.44) | 0.025 | 0.169 |
| Fumarate | 209 | 58 | 1.33 (0.94, 1.88) | 446 | 99 | 1.35 (1.05, 1.73) | 0.429 | 0.857 |
| Malate | 210 | 58 | 1.51 (1.06, 2.17) | 446 | 99 | 1.03 (0.79, 1.33) | 0.042 | 0.169 |
| Metabolite score4 | 210 | 58 | 3.57 (1.54, 4.27) | 446 | 99 | 1.10 (0.84, 1.44) | 0.071 | |
Models adjusted for baseline metabolites (or metabolite score), age (years), sex (male, female), intervention group (MedDiet + extra-virgin olive oil, MedDiet + nuts), BMI (kg/m2), smoking (never, current, former), leisure-time physical activity (metabolic equivalent tasks in minutes per day), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and baseline fasting glucose (mean + quadratic term of centered mean) and stratified by recruitment center. TCA, tricarboxylic acid; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
An inverse normal transformation was applied to raw values.
False discovery rate–corrected P values.
Weighted sum of all metabolites (using regression coefficients as weights after applying the leave-one-out cross-validation approach). Weighted proportional hazards Cox regression models were used.