Table 2.

Correlations of all study variables. Note: T1 = Time 1, T2 = Time 2, Violence = total score reflecting the frequency of experiencing violence as assessed by the VEX-R; ItN = Income-to-Needs Ratio; Edu = Highest level of parental education; CS = cognitive Stimulation as assessed by the HOME; TW = total words; MLU = mean length utterance in words; NDW = number of different words; BDS = backwards digit span score to assess working memory; Simon = Simon Says score on inhibition trials to assess inhibition; DCCS = dimensional change card sort highest level passed to assess cognitive flexibility, AA = Academic achievement as measured by the Woodcock-Johnson Academic Skills Cluster * reflects p < .05, ** reflects p < .01

	Age (T1)	Age (T2)	Sex	Violence	ItN (Log)	Edu	CS	TW	MLU	NDW	BDS (T1)	BDS (T2)	Simon (T1)	Simon (T2)	DCCS (T1)	AA
Age (T1)
Age (T2)	.702**
Sex	.007	−.001
Violence	.063	−.031	.010
ItN (Log)	.078	<.001	−.016	−.345**
Edu	−.014	.073	−.093	−.359**	.493**
CS	−.030	.014	.070	−.174	.474**	.528**
TW	−.005	−.107	.138	.130	−.072	.094	−.060
MLU	.064	.067	−.010	−.017	.067	.304*	.194	.611**
NDW	.045	−.060	.179	.115	.010	.164	.035	.932**	.640**
BDS (T1)	.214*	.177	.082	−.391**	.418**	.337**	.447**	−.060	.150	−.008
BDS(T2)	.391**	.323**	.085	−.276*	.356**	.364**	.306**	.040	.201	−.126	.523**
Simon (T1)	.035	.162	.013	−.317**	.333**	.331**	.380**	.078	.245*	.147	.353**	.323**
Simon(T2)	−.073	.152	.216	.−.071	.057	.118	.337**	−.125	.103	−.076	.133	.320**	.334**
DCCS(T1)	.108	.125	−.002	−.279**	.339**	.291**	.420**	−.098	.185	−.033	.510**	.351**	.458**	.232*
DCCS(T2)	.063	.239*	−.028	−.099	.214	.238*	.386**	−.224	.058	−.139	.266*	.266*	.254*	.134	.481**
AA	−.022	−.167	−.126	−.264*	.279*	.267*	.121	−.130	.006	−.065	.390**	.324**	.088	−.003	.312**	.177