Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of the Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Samples
| Unweighted | Weighted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-sectional | Longitudinal | Cross-sectional | Longitudinal | |
| Any scanning (%) | 30.21 | 35.34 | 29.58 | 34.52 |
| Traditional media scanning (%) | 17.72 | 20.61 | 17.47 | 20.22 |
| Outdoor media scanning (%) | 13.97 | 16.06 | 13.83 | 15.39 |
| Online media scanning (%) | 18.17 | 20.55 | 17.79 | 19.69 |
| Breadth of scanning (%) | ||||
| No exposure | 73.49 | 69.15 | 74.06 | 69.75 |
| Scanned from 1 source | 9.50 | 11.30 | 9.18 | 11.75 |
| Scanned from 2 sources | 9.82 | 11.83 | 9.52 | 11.23 |
| Scanned from 3 sources | 6.82 | 7.32 | 6.87 | 6.98 |
| Talking with other people (%) | 16.24 | 18.43 | 16.42 | 18.54 |
| Proximal norm perceptions (%) | ||||
| None | 64.58 | 68.43 | 63.12 | 62.91 |
| One | 16.23 | 15.57 | 16.52 | 17.90 |
| Two | 9.52 | 8.03 | 9.97 | 9.9 |
| Three | 4.23 | 3.55 | 4.53 | 4.06 |
| Four | 4.88 | 4.20 | 5.19 | 4.87 |
| Distal norm perceptions (%) | ||||
| None | 11.33 | 9.99 | 11.56 | 8.42 |
| A few | 46.77 | 50.19 | 45.36 | 48.59 |
| About half | 26.99 | 26.90 | 27.18 | 28.23 |
| Most | 14.25 | 12.55 | 15.09 | 14.40 |
| Current e-cigarette users (%) | 10.41 | 8.28 | 11.37 | 12.07 |
| Age (years; M ± SD) | 18.39 ± 3.61 | 17.18 ± 3.44 | 19.06 ± 3.80 | 18.65 ± 3.52 |
| Female (%) | 47.04 | 45.24 | 48.98 | 50.57 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 50.21 | 56.44 | 51.21 | 52.23 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 14.25 | 11.89 | 13.99 | 13.88 |
| Hispanic | 22.76 | 19.40 | 21.15 | 21.10 |
| Other | 12.06 | 11.92 | 12.81 | 12.32 |
| Education (%) | ||||
| Less than high school | 42.36 | 57.38 | 35.45 | 35.60 |
| High school | 22.62 | 15.41 | 28.95 | 29.02 |
| Some college | 22.80 | 16.91 | 25.87 | 26.61 |
| College degree or more | 11.13 | 9.81 | 8.64 | 8.33 |
| School performance (%) | ||||
| Mostly F’s | 0.83 | 0.44 | 0.94 | 0.41 |
| Mostly D’s | 1.60 | 1.84 | 1.88 | 2.08 |
| Mostly C’s | 10.52 | 8.59 | 12.02 | 10.40 |
| Mostly B’s | 40.20 | 37.02 | 41.20 | 40.08 |
| Mostly A’s | 45.17 | 50.93 | 42.04 | 45.79 |
| Sensation seeking (M ± SD) | 2.49 ± 0.52 | 2.46 ± 0.52 | 2.50 ± 0.53 | 2.51 ± 0.52 |
| Current cigarette smokers (%) | 12.23 | 7.63 | 15.59 | 15.12 |
| Parental education (%) | ||||
| Less than high school | 5.26 | 4.08 | 6.25 | 6.14 |
| High school | 19.72 | 16.84 | 23.38 | 23.25 |
| Some college | 14.54 | 13.08 | 17.01 | 17.27 |
| College degree | 28.36 | 28.14 | 24.10 | 22.49 |
| Completed graduate school | 22.95 | 27.68 | 19.41 | 22.03 |
| Living with a vaper (%) | 9.47 | 10.06 | 9.96 | 9.89 |
| Vaping allowed inside home (%) | 20.73 | 18.43 | 23.21 | 23.94 |
Note. Cross-sectional sample n = 11,013; longitudinal sample n = 3,212. Sample sizes reflect the overall samples. For some variables, percentages may not add up to 100 due to missing cases.