Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study patients.
| Characteristics | HFNC only group (n=45) | MV with prior HFNC (n=7) | MV only group (n=9) | P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) | 35 (77.8) | 5 (71.4) | 8 (88.9) | 0.670 |
| Age, years | 71.0±7.6 | 69.9±8.8 | 70.4±9.1 | 0.974 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8±3.2 | 25.3±4.0 | 22.8±2.9 | 0.523 |
| TLC, % predicted* | 43.0±22.7 | 49.6±9.9 | 50.1±21.1 | 0.602 |
| FVC, % predicted* | 47.1±10.1 | 43.6±8.7 | 52.3±11.9 | 0.312 |
| FEV1, % predicted* | 56.6±12.0 | 52.1±11.4 | 63.7±13.2 | 0.208 |
| DLCO, % predicted* | 23.6±14.5 | 24.3±6.1 | 23.6±22.7 | 0.981 |
| Home oxygen therapy, n (%) | 34 (75.6) | 4 (57.1) | 6 (66.7) | 0.555 |
| IPF treatment, n (%) | 0.232 | |||
| Nintedanib | 8 (17.8) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Pirfenidone | 6 (13.3) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Glucocorticoids | 21 (46.7) | 3 (42.9) | 3 (33.3) | |
| Other | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (22.2) | |
| Treatment interruptions | 8 (17.8) | 1 (14.3) | 4 (44.4) | |
| GAP index stage, n (%) | 0.750 | |||
| II | 13 (28.9) | 3 (42.9) | 3 (33.3) | |
| III | 32 (71.1) | 4 (57.1) | 6 (66.7) | |
| du Bois score | 42.4±12.3 | 50.9±10.3 | 41.6±16.7 | 0.261 |
| Underlying disease, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 16 (35.6) | 3 (42.9) | 6 (66.7) | 0.222 |
| Hypertension | 16 (35.6) | 2 (28.6) | 5 (55.6) | 0.459 |
| Solid malignancies | 17 (37.8) | 1 (14.3) | 3 (33.3) | 0.476 |
| Liver disease | 3 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.571 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0 (0.0) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (22.2) | 0.002 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 28 (62.2) | 3 (42.9) | 5 (55.6) | 0.609 |
HFNC, high flow nasal cannula; BMI, body mass index; TLC, total lung capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; DLCO, carbon monoxide diffusing capacity; GAP, gender, age, and physiology. *Spirometry and DLCO values are based on the most recent values within 6 months before admission. †P value <0.05 among HFNC group, MV with prior HFNC, and MV only group.