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. 2020 Mar;12(3):1235–1259. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2019.11.80

Table 3. Techniques of cardioplegia administration.

Cardioplegia Antegrade Retrograde Ostial
Advantages · Simple · Can be used when aortic valve is incompetent and in presence of coronary artery obstruction. · Can be used in aortic insufficiency
· Does not impede conduct of operation
Disadvantages · Competent aortic valve needed · Maldistribution to RV (8,14,15) · Impedes conduct of operation
· Cannot be used in coronary artery obstruction · Less protection in left ventricular hypertrophy
· Left SVC may be unrecognized and endanger myocardial protection
· Technical challenge in some cases
· Can cause rupture of coronary sinus