Table 2. Pathological outcomes.
| Pathological outcomes | OE (n=77) | VAMIE (n=144) | RAMIE (n=91) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pT stage, n (%) | 0.000 | |||
| T1 | 4 (5.19) | 47 (32.64) | 25 (27.47) | |
| T2 | 14 (18.18) | 30 (20.83) | 24 (26.37) | |
| T3 | 57 (74.03) | 67 (46.53) | 42 (46.15) | |
| T4 | 2 (2.60) | 0 | 0 | |
| pN stage, n (%) | 0.232 | |||
| N0 | 44 (57.14) | 94 (65.28) | 52 (57.14) | |
| N1 | 15 (19.48) | 29 (20.14) | 21 (23.08) | |
| N2 | 11 (14.29) | 17 (11.81) | 14 (15.38) | |
| N3 | 7 (9.09) | 4 (2.78) | 4 (4.40) | |
| Tumor grade, n (%) | 0.627 | |||
| G1 | 11 (14.29) | 28 (19.44) | 13 (14.29) | |
| G2 | 51 (66.23) | 82 (56.94) | 54 (59.34) | |
| G3 | 15 (19.48) | 34 (23.61) | 24 (26.37) | |
| pTNM, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| I | 5 (6.49) | 40 (27.78) | 18 (19.78) | |
| II | 38 (49.35) | 63 (43.75) | 41 (45.05) | |
| III | 26 (33.77) | 37 (25.69) | 28 (30.77) | |
| IVA | 8 (10.39) | 4 (2.78) | 4 (4.40) |
OE, open esophagectomy; VAMIE, video-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy; RAMIE, robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy.