Table 3. Risk of All-Cause Mortality Overall and by Subgroups in Patients With Celiac Disease and Matched General Population Comparators.
| Group | No. (%) | Time at risk, y | No. (%) events | Mortality rate (95% CI) per 1000 person-years |
HR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celiac disease | Comparators | Celiac disease | Comparators | Celiac disease | Comparators | Celiac disease | Comparators | Conditioneda | Conditioned and adjustedb |
|
| Overall | 49 829 (100) | 246 426 (100) | 678 990 | 3 377 760 | 6596 13.2) | 28 890 (11.7) | 9.7 (9.5-9.9) | 8.6 (8.5-8.7) | 1.21 (1.17-1.25) | 1.14 1.11-1.18) |
| Follow-up, y | ||||||||||
| 0-<1 | 49 829 (100) | 246 426 (100) | 49 322 | 244 945 | 757 (1.5) | 1599 (0.6) | 15.3 (14.3-16.4) | 6.5 (6.2-6.8) | 2.34 (2.14-2.55) | 2.14 (1.92-2.39) |
| ≥1-<5 | 48 899 (98.1) | 243 135 (98.7) | 182 394 | 905 577 | 1414 (2.9) | 6323 (2.6) | 7.8 (7.3-8.2) | 7.0 (6.8-7.2) | 1.14 (1.07-1.21) | 1.10 (1.03-1.17) |
| ≥5-<10 | 41 516 (83.3) | 205 882 (83.5) | 179 030 | 887 869 | 1602 (3.9) | 7382 (3.6) | 8.9 (8.5-9.4) | 8.3 (8.1-8.5) | 1.09 (1.02-1.15) | 1.02 (0.96-1.08) |
| ≥10 | 30 251 (60.7) | 149 993 (60.9) | 268 241 | 1 339 368 | 2823 (9.3) | 13 586 (9.1) | 10.5 (10.1-10.9) | 10.1 (10.0-10.3) | 1.15 (1.10-1.20) | 1.09 (1.04-1.14) |
| ≥1 | 48 899 (98.1) | 243 135 (98.7) | 629 667 | 3 132 815 | 5839 (11.9) | 27 291 (11.2) | 9.3 (9.0-9.5) | 8.7 (8.6-8.8) | 1.13 (1.09-1.16) | 1.07 (1.04-1.11) |
| Female sex | 31 086 (62.4) | 154 056 (62.5) | 429 231 | 2 127 213 | 3308 (10.6) | 14 663 (9.5) | 7.7 (7.4-8.0) | 6.9 (6.8-7.0) | 1.20 (1.15-1.25) | 1.13 (1.08-1.18) |
| Male sex | 18 743 (37.6) | 92 370 (37.5) | 249 758 | 1 250 547 | 3288 (17.5) | 14 227 (15.4) | 13.2 (12.7-13.6) | 11.4 (11.2-11.6) | 1.22 (1.17-1.27) | 1.16 (1.11-1.21) |
| Age, y | ||||||||||
| <18 | 19 632 (39.4) | 98 080 (39.8) | 301 673 | 1 486 310 | 125 (0.6) | 398 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.3-0.5) | 0.3 (0.2-0.3) | 1.56 (1.27-1.91) | 1.35 (1.08-1.68) |
| ≥18-<40 | 10 913 (21.9) | 54 212 (22.0) | 144 239 | 712 441 | 277 (2.5) | 818 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.7-2.1) | 1.1 (1.1-1.2) | 1.69 (1.47-1.94) | 1.36 (1.16-1.60) |
| ≥40-<60 | 9946 (20.0) | 49 268 (20.0) | 146 049 | 734 633 | 1467 (14.7) | 6207 (12.6) | 10.0 (9.5-10.6) | 8.4 (8.2-8.7) | 1.20 (1.13-1.27) | 1.12 (1.05-1.19) |
| ≥60 | 9338 (18.7) | 44 866 (18.2) | 87 028 | 444 373 | 4727 (50.6) | 21 467 (47.8) | 54.3 (52.8-55.9) | 48.3 (47.7-49.0) | 1.18 (1.14-1.22) | 1.13 (1.09-1.17) |
| Year | ||||||||||
| 1969-1989 | 4339 (8.7) | 21 604 (8.8) | 114 629 | 575 538 | 1198 (27.6) | 5536 (25.6) | 10.5 (9.9-11.0) | 9.6 (9.4-9.9) | 1.18 (1.10-1.26) | 1.10 (1.02-1.18) |
| 1990-1999 | 13 585 (27.3) | 67 331 (27.3) | 267 823 | 1 341 976 | 2862 (21.1) | 12 428 (18.5) | 10.7 (10.3-11.1) | 9.3 (9.1-9.4) | 1.27 (1.22-1.33) | 1.20 (1.14-1.25) |
| 2000-2009 | 19 914 (40.0) | 98 232 (39.9) | 239 014 | 1 175 498 | 2105 (10.6) | 9354 (9.5) | 8.8 (8.4-9.2) | 8.0 (7.8-8.1) | 1.12 (1.07-1.18) | 1.07 (1.01-1.12) |
| 2010-2017 | 11 991 24.1) | 59 259 (24.0) | 57 523 | 284 746 | 431 (3.6) | 1572 (2.7) | 7.5 (6.8-8.2) | 5.5 (5.2-5.8) | 1.35 (1.21-1.51) | 1.29 (1.15-1.45) |
| Country of birth | ||||||||||
| Nordic | 47 765 (95.9) | 226 192 (91.8) | 657 328 | 3 167 915 | 6407 (13.4) | 27 571 (12.2) | 9.7 (9.5-10.0) | 8.7 (8.6-8.8) | 1.20 (1.17-1.24) | 1.14 (1.10-1.17) |
| Other | 2062 (4.1) | 20 222 (8.2) | 21 650 | 209 739 | 189 (9.2) | 1318 (6.5) | 8.7 (7.5-10.0) | 6.3 (5.9-6.6) | 1.69 (1.11-2.58) | 1.60 (1.01-2.51) |
| Level of education, y | ||||||||||
| ≤9 | 9706 (19.5) | 50 073 (20.3) | 126 965 | 666 678 | 2744 (28.3) | 12 657 (25.3) | 21.6 (20.8-22.4) | 19.0 (18.7-19.3) | 1.19 (1.13-1.26) | 1.14 (1.08-1.20) |
| 10-12 | 18 441 (37.0) | 90 913 (36.9) | 275 979 | 1 346 506 | 1621 (8.8) | 7014 (7.7) | 5.9 (5.6-6.2) | 5.2 (5.1-5.3) | 1.18 (1.10-1.27) | 1.11 (1.03-1.20) |
| >12 | 14 827 (29.8) | 70 702 (28.7) | 209 099 | 1 020 551 | 673 (4.5) | 2624 (3.7) | 3.2 (3.0-3.5) | 2.6 (2.5-2.7) | 1.31 (1.14-1.50) | 1.20 (1.04-1.38) |
| Missing | 6855 (13.8) | 34 738 (14.1) | 66 946 | 344 024 | 1558 (22.7) | 6595 (19.0) | 23.3 (22.1-24.4) | 19.2 (18.7-19.6) | 1.18 (1.09-1.26) | 1.11 (1.03-1.20) |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||||
| Type 1 diabetes | 1565 (3.1) | 667 (0.3) | 19 239 | 7553 | 87 (5.6) | 57 (8.5) | 4.5 (3.6-5.5) | 7.5 (5.6-9.5) | ||
| Autoimmune thyroid disease | 1126 (2.3) | 1852 (0.8) | 10 230 | 15 199 | 240 (21.3) | 456 (24.6) | 23.5 (20.5-26.4) | 30.0 (27.2-32.8) | 1.23 (0.65-2.31) | 1.58 (0.73-3.42) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 423 (0.8) | 1096 (0.4) | 4101 | 10 021 | 142 (33.6) | 379 (34.6) | 34.6 (28.9-40.3) | 37.8 (34.0-41.6) | 2.50 (0.49-12.89) | 2.87 (0.47-17. 1) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 1401 (2.8) | 365 (0.1) | 20 167 | 4803 | 260 (18.6) | 67 (18.4) | 12.9 (11.3-14.5) | 13.9 (10.6-17.3) | 6.00 (0.72-49.84) | |
a
Conditioned on matching set (age, sex, county, and calendar period).
b
Conditioned on matching set and further adjusted for education, Nordic country of birth, and time dependent medical comorbidities (type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease.