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. 2020 Mar 18;21(6):2083. doi: 10.3390/ijms21062083

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Delayed leaf and flower senescence in transgenic petunia plants overexpressing LreEF1A4. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (A) and quantitative real-time PCR (B) analyses of LreEF1A4 expression levels in the leaves of wild-type (WT) and LreEF1A4-overexpressing transgenic petunia lines (1B, 2A, and 8E). 26S rRNA was used as a reference gene. Representative phenotypes (C) and total chlorophyll content (D) of the leaves at the bottom of 8-week-old WT and transgenic lines. Scale bars = 1.0 cm. Representative phenotypes of attached unpollinated flowers at 8 days after anthesis (E) and longevity of flowers (F) from WT and transgenic petunia plants. Scale bars = 1.0 cm. Error bars represent standard error (SE) of the mean from three independent biological replicates. Significance of difference was determined using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test (p < 0.05) and shown as various letters, or using Student’s t-test (p < 0.05) and marked by asterisks.