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. 2020 Mar 1;9(3):201. doi: 10.3390/antiox9030201

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Mechanism of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) hepatotoxicity. CCl₄ is metabolized by cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) to CCl₃•, which is further converted into Cl₃COO•, Cl₂C, and COCl₂. These toxic metabolites are detoxified by glutathione (GSH). However, excessive exposure to CCl₄ causes GSH depletion and oxidative stress via reactions, such as membrane lipid peroxidation that can cause liver damage.