Table 2.

Adverse effects and benefits of dietary nitrites/nitrates.

Adverse Effect	Reference	Benefits	Reference
Gastric cancer	Kim et al. [47] Ward et al. [48] Keszei et al. [49] Xie et al. [83] Song et al. [57] Zheng et al. [62]	Adult glioma	Dubrow et al. [53]; Xie et al. [83]
Colorectal cancer	De Roos et al. [54]; Cross et al. [55]; DellaValle [51]; Cantwell et al. [84] Xie et al. [83]; Van Hecke et al. [60] Bestide et al. [61]	Reduction of blood pressure	Kapil et al. [65]; Berry et al. [66]; Ashworth et al. [67]; Amaral et al. [69]; Ling et al. [70]; Sievro et al. [71]
Esophageal cancer	Cross et al. [55]; Keszei et al. [49]; Xie et al. [83]	Atherosclerosis prevention	Bondonno et al. [78]; Burnley-Hall et al. [79]
Thyroid cancer	Ward et al. [48]; Aschebrook-Kilfoy et al. [59]; Xie et al. [83]; Bahadoran et al. [56]	Protection against ischemia- reperfusion	Yang et al. [46]; Lefer et al. [80]
Renal cell carcinoma	Weyer et al. [50]; DellaVale et al. [51]; Grieb [52]; Xie et al. [83]; Hu et al. [58]	Exercise capacity	Coggan et al. [81] Coggan et al. [82]
Methemoglobinemia	Chan et al. [63]	Stroke prevention	Bondonno et al. [78]; Burnley-Hall et al. [79]
Hypothyroidism	Ward et al. [48]; Xie et al. [83]	Insulin resistance, glucose tolerance	Ghasemi, Ghebi [72]; Khalifi et al. [73]; Gilchrist et al. [74]; Cermak et al. [75]
Breast cancer	Yang et al. [46]; Xie et al. [83]	Reduction of triglycerides	Zand et al. [76]
Nitrosative stress	D’Ischia et al. [37]